沪江英语四六级

2012年6月英语四级六级作文预测：大学生要独自生活吗？

tutu — 2012-05-17 09:00

小编前言：还有一个月就是2012年6月四六级考试了，相信大家都已经在认真复习中了。小编特汇总几篇四六级作文预测，希望能为大家的复习做些参考，学习一些实用表达和写作方法。

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Living alone or Living with Roommates? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.

1．有人认为大学里应独自生活
2．另一些认为大学里应与别人同住
3．你的看法

【对比选择型模板】
When it comes to/When asked about谈论主题, different people will give different answers/offer different views/have different choices/preferences. Some people take it for granted/believe大学里应独自生活.理由一. In addition,理由二.

However, others maintain/argue大学里应与别人同住. In their opinions,理由一. Besides, 理由二.

(这两段也可写成：
When it comes to/When asked about谈论主题, different people will give different answers/offer different views/have different choices/preferences. Some people take it for granted/believe大学里应独自生活. However, others maintain/argue大学里应与别人同住.

Those people who hold the first opinion/make the former choice/have the first preference believe理由一. In addition, in their eyes/they insist/they maintain/they point out 理由二. However, still others think differently/do not agree this/have different choices/preferences. In their opinions,理由一. Besides,理由二.)

Weighing up these two arguments, I prefer the former/latter opinion. For one thing,______. For another, _______________ . Considering these, I may reasonably conclude that __________ ,

【作文范例】

Living alone or Living with Roommates

Nowadays, there has appeared a heated discussionamong the college students as to whetherthey should live alone outside the campus orlive together with other roommates in the students’ dormitory. Opinions are divided over the matter.(提出观点段)

Those who are in favor ofliving alone maintain thatit is very convenient to live by themselves. They can enjoy absolute freedom in a room of their own. They can have their own timetable without disturbing others. They are also free to equip the room with a personal computer so that they can have easy access to the Internet. (反面论述段)

But others argue thatliving with roommates has attractions of its own. With several students sharing the same room, each person’s experiences can be greatly enriched. They can learn a lot from talking to one another. By learning to tolerate the differences between individuals, they can become more mature.(正面论述段)

As far as I’m concerned, I prefer tolive with roommates because I love the feeling of belonging. Besides, it is a lot cheaper to live in a dorm than to rent an apartment outside the campus. (总结观点段)

点评：本文与校园生活密切相关，也是近年来出现的现象，人们对此的看法各异，2003年后，四级作文考查加大了学校生活类题目的考查，因为这类题材不存在地域的差异，不同地域的同学都有话可说。本预测题即为校园生活类话题，与刚考完的四级作文话题类似，符合命题者出题思路，值得引起重视。

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四级六级阅读练习（29）：学习语言让大脑更灵活

tutu — 2012-05-16 17:25

小编寄语：熟悉四六级阅读理解题型的同学应该都了解，英语四六级考试阅读理解材料大多选自《时代》《卫报》《今日美国》等外刊。要想阅读理解这部分拿到高分，必须在平常多阅读，掌握新词汇，锻炼阅读速度。但对于很多同学来说，如何每日在浩瀚的互联网世界寻找合适的阅读材料进行分析解读是一项很耗时间的事情。为此，沪江英语每日精选《卫报》《时代》等外刊上的文章供大家进行阅读练习。

【今日阅读推荐】本篇阅读材料“学习语言让大脑更灵活”选自《卫报》（原文标题：Languages smarten up your brain 2010.1.25）。如果大家觉得比较简单，就当作泛读材料了解了解，认识几个新单词或新表达方式也不错。如果大家觉得这些材料理解上有难度，不妨当做挑战自己的拔高训练，希望大家都有进步^^

Most people learn languages to help them communicate. Now a study of recent research into brain function reveals that students could be gaining a lot more from their pursuit of linguistic skills.

The chief reason most people want to learn English is to be able to communicate in the language and forge pathways into the wider world. Now a study published by the European Commission reveals that learning an additional language such as English may bring benefits that go beyond the ability to use the language itself. This report has implications for why, when and how we teach and learn English as a second or foreign language.

The report, entitled The Contribution of Multilingualism to Creativity, includes a statistical analysis of key research into the impact that knowing and using more than one language has on thinking and the brain. It argues that there is a dovetailing of results between studies conducted over the last 40 years, including recent findings from the neurosciences. The research, often involving the use of neuro-imaging techniques, is helping us to understand more clearly what happens in the brain when a person learns or uses more than one language.

One of the significant findings for English language teaching is that changes in the brain's electrical activity may occur much earlier than previously thought. It has been assumed that only command of different languages at very high levels would have an impact on brain function. But this study suggests that changes in the brain may start even in the earlier stages of language learning. This has implications for not only recognising the value of partial language competences, but also for understanding why certain language learning methodologies bring better results than others.

The report identifies six areas in which the multilingual mind differs in some way to the monolingual mind. The term multilingual is used to describe people who use more than one language in their day-to-day lives. What we believe is significant about the evidence clusters is the similarity of outcomes resulting from different research approaches, and how they strengthen the position of foreign language learning by describing distinct types of added value. Most of the advantages described support overall competence-building for life and work in modern, information-rich, internet environments.

The benefits reported include enhanced capacity for learning whereby knowledge of languages can lead to superior memory function, especially short-term "working" memory. This enables the brain to hold information longer while the thinking processes are engaged, which can have a profound impact on cognitive function. One implication is the positive impact of languages on the learning of other subjects.

Another cluster concerns enhanced mental flexibility. This involves neural pathways being opened up, which extends the capacity to think and opens access to differing avenues for thought. Languages appear to exercise the brain as if it were a muscle and flexibility links directly to the development of digital literacies. For instance, some of the research in this area looks at the advantages of language knowledge in relation to the speed and accuracy of decision making when using multimedia such as gaming.

Enhanced problem-solving capability is also reported. This involves superior performance in problem solving, which is cognitively demanding, including abstract thinking skills, higher concept formation skills and creative hypothesis formulation. It is about strengthening our capacity to identify, understand and solve problems. One aspect is the ability to ignore distracting and irrelevant information and focus on a given task. Another involves further development skills in the simultaneous handling of more than one task at a given time, otherwise known as multi-tasking.

Greater understanding of how language functions and is used to achieve specific goals in life acts as the fourth cluster. This meta linguistic ability involves being able to "go beyond the words", helping an individual develop communication skills in both their first language and others. This is closely linked to enhanced interpersonal communication awareness and skills whereby people are better able to perceive the communicative needs of others, be more insightful in "reading" situations through contextual sensitivity, and develop interactional skills in communication.

Finally the study reports on research that links knowledge of languages to a slowdown of age-related mental diminishment such as certain forms of dementia. Language knowledge appears to reduce the rate of decline of certain cognitive processes as a person ages, by helping the brain tolerate pathologies. This resistance to neuropathological damage is considered to be in the range of two to four years. Delays in mental decline of even up to six months are viewed as having considerable implications for individuals, their families and public health.

Although we have not yet reached that eureka moment where a direct causal link between learning languages and specific cognitive advantages can be proven, the evidence is building up fast. Since 2000 there has been a steady increase in the number of reports being published within what is loosely termed the educational neurosciences, and some of these have direct implications for English language professionals.

The cognitive neurosciences stress the need for powerful learning environments, and yet not enough of our language education is spent encouraging learners to engage in higher-order thinking about meaningful content that fires up the brain.

【重点单词及短语】

forge v. 打造；锻造

go beyond 超出；胜过

neurosciences 神经科学

language competence 语言表达能力

multilingual adj. 使用多种语言的 monolingual adj. 仅用一种语言的

abstract thinking 抽象思维

hypothesis formulation 假说形成；提出设想

simultaneous adj. 同时的；同步的

eureka 有了；找到了！（拓展知识：“eureka”原是古希腊语，意思是：“好啊！有办法啦！”古希腊学者阿基米德，有一次在浴盆里洗澡，突然来了灵感，发现了他久未解决的计算浮力问题的办法，因而惊喜地叫了一声“尤里卡”，从此发现了阿基米德定律。）

fire up 煽动；激发；生火

Question time:

1. Why do most people study English?

2. What's the conclusion of the report named The Contribution of Multilingualism to Creativity?

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英语四级阅读短期备考攻略之快速阅读

告别天堂 — 2012-05-16 16:30

快速阅读项目规定的完成时间是在作文之后的9:40-9:55，而且9:55的时候会收答题卡I其中包含作文和快速阅读，因此快速阅读只有15分钟，不光要完成解答还要填好机读卡，在速度上要求很高，因此就要求快速阅读的做题方法有别于深度阅读，但方法的根本还是一致的，那就是关键词的定位。

快速阅读解题三步骤：

（1）浏览大标题小标题，了解文章主题结构；

（2）根据题干中的关键词结合小标题和出题顺序在原文中找到定位；

（3）正确答案：1-7完整照抄原文或对原文同义改写的选项为正确答案；8-10对比原文与题干，缺失的成分为答案，注意填入的内容的时态和主谓搭配与题干一致。

How Do You See Diversity 2009年6月

As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company. During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise.

He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice.

“It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s “different” behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding. He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting (避开) your eyes.

“I was just thrown off by the lack of eye contact; not realizing it was cultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out, but will not miss that opportunity again.”

Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our understanding of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions.

Hire Advantage

At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult, employers who can eliminate invalid biases (偏见) from the process have a distinct advantage. My company, Mindsets LLC, helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots. A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make.

“During my Mindsets coaching session, I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets. The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company. When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to say in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.”

Blinded by Gender

Dale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce. “Through one of the sessions, I discovered my personal bias,” he recalls. “I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person, and being open to differences.” In his case, the blindness was not about culture but rather gender.

“I had a management position open in my department; and the two finalists were a man and a woman. Had I not attended this workshop, I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel. My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position, I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel.” Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce.

“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation. I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision.” Dale credits the workshop, “because it helped me make decisions based on fairness.”

Year of the Know-It-All

Doug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops. He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee.

“One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year. In my ignorance, I assumed he had his dates wrong’, as the first of January had just passed. When I advised him of this, I gave him a tong talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates.

“He patiently waited, then when I was done, he said he would like Chinese New Year off, not the Western New Year. He explained politely that in his culture the New Year did not begin January first, and that Chinese New Year, which is tied to the lunar cycle, is one of the most celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar. Needless to say, I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up. But I learned a great deal about assumptions, and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture to culture.

“Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I could learn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with my employees, rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all,” Doug admits. “The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learning how to be more ‘inclusive’ to differences.”

A Better Bottom Line

An open mind about diversity not only improves organizations internally, it is profitable as well. These comments from a customer service representative show how an inclusive attitude can improve sales. “Most of my customers speak English as a second language. One of the best things my company has done is to contract with a language service that offers translations over the phone. It wasn’t until my boss received Mindsets’ training that she was able to understand how important inclusiveness was to customer service. As a result, our customer base has increased.”

Once we start to see people as individuals, and discard the stereotypes, we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone. Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differences and similarities. It is about building better communities and organizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our shared humanity.

When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past, from the media, peers, family, friends, etc., we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed (有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values. We need to train ourselves to think differently, shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us, creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate? （正确答案：A）
A) He just wouldn’t look her in the eye.
B) He was slow in answering her questions.
C) His resume didn’t provide the necessary information.
D) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.

分析：第一题，根据关键词Tiffany 结合bothered对应在全文开头的第二句话。A选项wouldn’t look her in the eye 对应原文never made direct eye contact，正确。

2. What kind of organization is Mindsets LLC? （正确答案：B）
A) A real estate agency.
B) A personnel training company.
C) A cultural exchange organization.
D) A hi-tech company.

分析：根据关键词Mindsets LLC对应在全文第一个小标题中。原文helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots 帮助公司和个人认识到自身的盲区，并且在下文反复出现training、coaching、taught，可以得知这是一个培训机构，B选项正确。

3. Doug felt ____ when he realized that his assumption was wrong.

分析：根据关键词Doug对应在全文第三个小标题。原文第二段开头就出现了最高级的重要考点One of my most embarrassing moments，同时在第三段的中间出现了I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up，题干中的wrong对应mixed up，assumption对应assuming，felt对应felt，正确答案very embarrassed。

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2012年6月四六级备考之阅读回顾【沪江网校公开课】

tutu — 2012-05-16 12:15

5月8日，2012年6月四六级备考之阅读语音公开课已结束，不管是当天错过的同学还是想再听一遍的同学都来回顾一下吧，以下为音频对应精简文本，供大家参考。

一、四级快速阅读

快速阅读题为选择和填空两种题型。无论采用哪种题型考查，快速阅读的自身特点决定了其解题技巧。快速阅读无需对文章透彻理解并掌握文中所有的细节，而只需从判断、填空及选择题的题干中确定关键词，再到文章中准确定位，即可得出正确答案。

注意点：

1、根据文章的顺序设计考点
快速阅读的题目一般是有顺序性的，前面的题目往往对应文章前面的内容，后面的题目对应文章后面的内容。

2、注意各种关系词。
这类词的前后非常容易成为考点。最基本的逻辑关系词有：
因果关系：as a result, therefore, hence, because of, for, due to
并列、递进关系：and, or, then, in addition, besides, in other words, moreover
转折关系：however, but, yet, though, although, in fact,

3、注意各种特殊的词汇，比如人名，地名等。

二、解题顺序

1、浏览文章
浏览文章的标题、主题句、段落标题和各段的主题句，迅速推到出作者的写作意图，概括全文大意

British cuisine (烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs (厨师) combine the best of old and new.

2、读题目
寻找题干中的关键词，入人名、地名、机构名称或者数字、日期，然后迅速回到原文中定位。找到有之相关的句子，进行阅读分析，然后得出正确答案。

选词填空
（一）、题目特点
1、最常考的四类词汇：动词、名词、形容词和副词。特别要注意非谓语动词的各种用法和重要动词的各种搭配
2、第一句话一般不设空格。第一句话通常是主题句，完整的句子有助于理解整篇文章的大意。

（二）解决技巧
1、通读全文
首先花一定的时间通读全文。选词填空的考察要点之一就是对文章的理解。通读的时候，可以略去举例和说明的部分，主要关注文章的主题句、每段的段首和连接词。
2、对选项进行词性分类
标明每个选项的词性，这样可以大大缩小选择的范围。

例如：

原始选项：
A. abundant B. characters C. communicating

D. completely E. derive F. desire

G. diversity H. escape I. establishing

J. narrow K. naturally L. personnel

M. properly N. respect O. widen

分类后的选项：
动词：communicating； derive；desire；escape；establishing；respect；widen

名词：characters；diversity；desire；personnel；respect

形容词：abundant；narrow；

副词：completely；naturally；properly

08年真题示例：

A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural_ _____1___ __for freedom, for expression, ……. Readers turn_____ 2 ____ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to ____ 3____ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. …….

Books provide ___4_____material for readers’ imagination to grow.

三、深度阅读
1、词义猜测
在四级考试的过程中，必然会出现生词。在这种情况下，可以利用语言环境和各种已知信息推测和判断这些生词的含义。比如：Semantics（词义学）, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.

2、关注主题句
特别关注第一段。文章的第一段往往出现最重要、最核心的观点，然后在下面的段落中用大量事实来进行证明和讲解。

其次还要关注每一段的开头一句。因为在开头第一段进行了总起后，接下来每一段都有可能包含一个分论点，而这些分论点又很有可能成为推理题的来源。

四、六级快速阅读

四级	六级
1000词左右	1200词左右（考查速度）
近3年，仍然出现小标题（11.12）	近3年，无小标题
填空题：某些情况下可以照抄原文	填空题：一定不能照抄、要注意改写

如何定位

1) Global residential power consumption can be cut by 43 percent if _________. (07.12) 数字

2) According to Gallagher and Skenazy, children who are watchful will be better able to stay away from ___________. (09.6) 大写字母

3) What is the risk facing America? (11.6) 大写字母、核心名词

4) Why do some students drop out after a year or two according to the author? (11.6)动词短语、数字

5) What does the author say about

关键词种类：

三大类：数字、大写字母、核心的名词、动词及其短语

五、深度阅读

1）常见问题
1．  先看文章还是先看题目？
2．  做不完怎么办？
3．  怎样提高阅读速度？

2）命题规律

a.题目顺序与文章顺序基本一致

b.五种题型

3）题型：

细节题70%、主旨题、推断题、态度题、语义题

c.原文出处

1）逻辑关系处（因果、并列、递进、转折）

2）标点符号（冒号；分号；破折号；小括号）

3）特殊标记（时间、数字、含大写字母、斜体

解决技巧

例如：

Specialization and the effort to increase yields have resulted in _________.

A. localized pollution

B. the shrinking of farmland

C. competition from overseas

D. the decrease of biodiversity

定位信息词：
Specialization 和increase yields

对应原文：
Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safer and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat(栖息地) loss and to diminishing biodiversity.

应选择D选项

细节题技巧：

第一步，看题干、划出关键词

第二步，看一题，定位一题，查读一题

第三步，对比原文与题干，找出异同或丢失信息，解题

主旨题技巧：

a.首末段（总分总）

b.一段话的首末句

c.特殊情况（转折句；强调句；重复）

补全填空

例如：

To ensure fairness to reporters, it is important to set up a system for stories to __________. (11.6)

对应的原文：

Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing. You gut reaction (本能反应) and dismissive rejection, even of a worthless idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair.

答案：be proposed and reviewed

规律及解题方法：

1）问答一致原则（关键词）

2）改写原文（词性、语法、大小写）

3）顺序高度一致（定位）

相关推荐：

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四级六级阅读每日一练系列>>

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【CET备考】2012年6月四六级考试之写作指南

【CET备考】2012年6月四六级考试之最后冲刺

想要了解更多最新公开课信息 >>请往这边走<<

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哪里不会补哪里：大学英语四六级专项强攻就看你啦！

LL — 2012-05-16 11:09

【四六级，你到底准备好了吗？】58元团最高价值190元高学网CET-4/6强化+冲刺课听力/阅读/完型翻译/写作/词汇，五选二！名师精讲，单项突破，45天超长课程有效期，让你随时想学就学，一路保驾护航直到过关！先强化，再冲刺，双重保障；选择性强，哪里不足补哪里，针对性强！抓考点练真题，决胜四六级考场！

本单包含：高学网四/六级强化+冲刺课听力/阅读/完型翻译/写作/词汇五选二！

团购平台：四级入口>> 六级入口>>

四六级离我们越来越近，你准备好应战了吗？

时间来不及，还有知识点没复习完怎么办？
匆匆复习了一遍，发现很多地方又忘记了，记得不扎实，心情更烦躁怎么办？
找不到思路，抓不住难点，基础太薄弱，又该怎么办？

谁都想一次过关！
所以，为了让同学们多一分把握，沪江团购选择了实惠又实在的“强化+冲刺5科选2科的超级四六级备考团”！让你今年的四六级，想不过都不行！

本单详情

本单包含：高学网四/六级强化+冲刺课听力/阅读/完型翻译/写作/词汇 五选二！

备选项目：A ①大学英语四/六级听力强化+②大学英语四/六级听力冲刺；
               B ①大学英语四/六级阅读强化+②大学英语四/六级阅读冲刺；
               C ①大学英语四/六级完形翻译强化+②大学英语四/六级翻译完型冲刺；
               D ①大学英语四/六级写作强化+②大学英语四/六级写作冲刺；
               E 大学英语四/六级词汇强化（名师高胜长老师主讲课程）
以上“A—E”五项强化+冲刺课程，参加团购的同学可以任选2项，团购价只需58元噢！

注意事项：1 参加团购的同学，请在备注中填好所选科目哟，例如选择：“阅读+词汇”。
               2 E项词汇，仅为四六级词汇名师高胜长老师强化课程。
               3 不填备注及少填、多填，则视情况随机开课，所以请同学们一定一定要填好哟！

A 大学英语四/六级听力强化+大学英语四/六级听力冲刺

课程特色
强化：1. 全面讲解四/六级听力中四大题型的出题规律和应对技巧；
        2. 以真题为例，带领学生运用技巧解题，保证学生活学活用
冲刺：1. 全面总结四/六级听力考查重难点和出题规律；
        2. 详细分析解题对策及高分技巧；
        3. 以真题为例，带领学生运用技巧解题，保证学生活学活用

授课对象
1. 听力基础较薄弱，对四/六级听力感到头疼的学生；
2. 临近考试，不知如何复习听力的学生
3. 对四/六级听力题型有一定了解，但无法正确解题的学生；
4. 有一定基础，想要挑战高分的学生

B 大学英语四/六级写作强化+大学英语四/六级写作冲刺

课程特色
强化：1. 全面介绍四级作文命题特点；
        2. 从审题谋篇、句式、词汇三个层面讲解议论文高分策略；
        3. 将历年真题分四大类：解决问题类、观点争论类、原因分析类、图表类，逐一进行详解，并总结各类作文常用句型；
        4. 通过应用文格式、应用文注意事项和真题讲解让考生一次掌握各类应用文；
        5. 为考生总结写作中常见的八大类语法错误，四大类语篇错误。
冲刺：1. 六大常用句式、四大高分模版，让考生对四级议论文写作易如反掌；
        2. 各类信函如何开头、如何结尾，让考生对英语信函不再畏惧；
        3. 从句到段，从段到篇，手把手教学生整理写作思路，运用各类高分句式和模版

授课对象
1. 基础较薄弱，对写作感到头疼的考生；
2. 临近考试，不知如何复习写作的学生；
3. 对四/六级写作题型有一定了解，但不知如何下手写的考生；
4. 有一定基础，想要快速掌握写作技巧挑战高分的考生

现在努力，只为日后收获更丰

努力不懈带来的，将会是明日的辉煌与荣光！

现在就去团：四级入口>> 六级入口>>

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高效备考：英语四级六级考前一个月冲刺

tutu — 2012-05-16 09:15

5月的到来，不仅意味着炎炎夏日即将开始，也意味着6月份的四六级考试更近了。对于很多同学来说，这剩下的一个月里，该如何有效复习，才能争取一次通过，或是刷得高分呢？

有人吐槽，6月中旬，不仅要考四六级，学校的期末考也临近了，两边都要复习，时间上哪里顾得过来；有人叹气，天气越来越热了，英语根本就看不进去，看着看着就昏昏欲睡了；有人担心，真题我都做了好几回了，就是摸不着门道，考试的时候该怎么办呢？

其实，一个月的高效复习，你，完全可以做到！沪江网校四六级冲刺备考班，针对四六级考前冲刺备考，从题型特点、解题技巧到备考策略全面讲解，每天一小时，让你有效提高！

沪江网校课程特色：

• 采用网上课程形式，宿舍也能轻松学，省钱，省力，省时间
• 音频+讲义的课件形式适合任何网络，听课流畅
• 沪江网校自主研发的课后练习系统、开心词场系统（什么是开心词场>>），大幅提升你的学习效率
• 名师互动，全程专业解答学员提出的学习和考试疑问
• 丰富的备考独家资料下载，课后巩固更有效
• 支持苹果、安卓版网校，移动学习更加随心所欲！

2012.6英语四级【冲刺备考班】

所需学币：120 学币
开课时间：2012年5月16日
授课安排：12课时。每周一至周五各发一课；节假日不发课

点击查看课程详情>>

2012.6英语六级【冲刺备考班】

所需学币：120 学币
开课时间：2012年5月16日
授课安排：12课时。每周一至周五各发一课；节假日不发课

点击查看课程详情>>

课程常见问题Q&A：

冲刺班课程每节课多长时间啊？看着总共只有12课时，听完了不就没了？

冲刺班课程每节课40-45分钟左右，课程在有效期内是可以反复听的。虽然只有12课时，涵盖四六级各大题型的常见问题、题型特点、解题技巧的讲解，并结合真题进行深度、细致地剖析，每节课都是很实用，很丰富的哦。

我马上就要毕业了，迫切需要通过四级，请问这个课程主要讲些什么？有实际效果吗？

本课程主要针对四级考前冲刺备考，涵盖四级各大题型的常见问题、题型特点、解题技巧的讲解，并结合真题进行深度、细致地剖析，提前感受考场实战！让考生应考思路更清晰，过级更轻松！学习效果的话，每个同学的基础与努力程度不同，不过相信同学如果能够认真跟上课程的话，对于同学的备考一定是很有帮助的。

这个六级冲刺课程跟之前的六级冲关班内容有重复吗？两者有什么区别呢？

两个班级内容无重复，冲关班一共60课时，主要就六级考试各个分项做一个强化阶段的训练；比较适合有一定备考时间的同学；冲刺备考班共12课时，主要对六级考试做最后的一个梳理，比较适合复习最后阶段的冲刺，能够帮助同学在最后阶段抓住能够抓住的得分项。

网校课程效果如何？来看看参加过冲关班的同学们怎么说吧。翻页查看>>>

点击查看第二页

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四六级备考月系列活动之开心词场四六级救命500词

tutu — 2012-05-16 09:00

四六级考试中，你有过这样的经历吗？听力中的某个词死活没听懂，阅读里的某个词看着干眨眼，作文里某个词完全不会拼……想要告别考场单词杯具，词汇积累必不可少。在这最后的一个月里，哪些词是必考词、高频词、重点词？沪江网校开心词场告诉你！四六级救命500词单词书，精选英语四级和英语六级考试中的核心高频词汇各500个，让你的单词记忆有的放矢！

活动时间：5月16日——5月31日

活动地点：沪江网校开心词场四级救命500词 六级救命500词

活动规则：①单词书分为四级救命500词和六级救命500词，每类单词书共25单元，每单元20词，任意背完其中一本即可。

②参加沪江四六级21天目标，背完四级OR六级救命500词后将通关页面截图，并在本目标下方跟帖回复。

③活动期间背完四级OR六级单词书的同学每位将获得710沪元奖励（这数字暗示大家都懂的 O(∩_∩)O哈哈~）

半个月搞定四六级考试核心500词，还等什么，赶紧戳这里参加吧>>

更多2012年6月英语四六级备考活动敬请关注四六级备考月专题>>

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四级六级阅读练习（28）：为什么爆料网站离不开专业媒体？

tutu — 2012-05-15 17:32

【今日阅读推荐】本篇阅读材料“为什么爆料网站离不开专业媒体？”选自《卫报》（原文标题：Why raw data sites need journalism 2010.8.11）。如果大家觉得比较简单，就当作泛读材料了解了解，认识几个新单词或新表达方式也不错。如果大家觉得这些材料理解上有难度，不妨当做挑战自己的拔高训练，希望大家都有进步^^

The public is not interested in sifting through data. So without the analysis of journalists, the WikiLeaks logs may have died unread.

According to Alfred Harmsworth, founder of both the Daily Mirror and Daily Mail, news is "what somebody somewhere wants to suppress; the rest is advertising". By this yardstick, Harmsworth would have agreed that the WikiLeaks Afghan war diary is a remarkable news event. But he would have had no truck with the argument mounted by WikiLeaks' founder Julian Assange that the move represents a triumph of transparency over interpretation. "Hard news catches readers," Harmworth believed. "Features hold them."

He knew what he was talking about. Without the analyses, comment and explanation provided by experienced journalists, the documents would have sat on the WikiLeaks website attracting the interest only of those with a fervid interest in the conflict. The White House and the Pentagon would have barely stirred.

On an infinitesimally smaller scale, I have my own example of the limits of data journalism. I'm taking part in a project called Help Me Investigate, a collaborative venture that aims to pursue matters of public interest, and I recently visited the town hall in Brighton to inspect the spending records of parliamentary candidates in the Brighton Pavilion constituency during the general election. The council staff were perfectly accommodating and pleasant. In other areas of the country, it has been reported, there is some confusion over what we are allowed to see and to record. I think this stems from the fact that, up to now, very little interest has been paid to this frankly less than incendiary topic.

A desk was found for me in a quiet corner, I was handed a ring binder bulging with paperwork and I was left to get on with it. Did I uncover evidence of cupidity among our would-be legislators? Sadly, no. It will come as no surprise to learn that the main candidates spent their largest sums on flyers, leaflets, posters and other bumf destined for the landfill. Unless you are the type to be shocked by the fact that Green candidate (and election winner) Caroline Lucas received a non-cash donation from the Political Animal Lobby or that Tory candidate Charlotte Vere forked out £41 for Google Ads, there is nothing in these documents to stir the blood.

That's neither here nor there, say the proponents of data journalism. The fact that the expenses forms start life as Excel documents means it shouldn't be beyond the wit of our electoral services offices to store the results electronically and upload them onto a site where anybody with sufficient curiosity can inspect them. Well, yes. But don't imagine that this exercise in itself will be sufficient to hold our lawmakers to account. The Apathetic Tendency is probably the largest single political group in the country and its members have every right to expect the more engaged among us to do their donkey work for them.

To take an example from the world of finance and business: for a small fee you can sign up to Companies House Direct and fill your days inspecting the accounts of businesses registered in the United Kingdom. Will you do this? Of course not – you have a life. Quite sensibly, you will leave it to financial journalists to sift a company's data, compare results and call up the financial director to ask impertinent questions.

Data sites are proliferating and many of them are excellent – UN Data, data.gov, and the Guardian's own Datablog among them. But consider this: Julian Assange did not upload the classified documents and wait for the world to beat a path to his door. He entered into a partnership with media outlets he knew would give prominence to the material. Like Alfred Harmsworth before him, Assange understands that without the oxygen of publicity, data dies unread.

【重点单词及短语】

suppress v. 抑制；镇压

have no truck with 不同……打交道，不同……来往；与……毫无关系

triumph n. & v. 胜利；成功

transparency n. 透明度

hard news 指题材较为严肃，着重于思想性、指导性和知识性的重要政治、经济、科技新闻。

infinitesimally adv. 极小地

accommodating adj. 随和的；乐于助人的；肯通融的

confusion n. 混乱；困惑

stem from 起源于；出自

incendiary adj. 煽动性的

bulge with 由于……而凸出

flyer leaflet 传单 poster 海报 bumf 公文

destined for 去往；驶往

fork out 支付

stir the blood 激起某人的欲望（或热情等），使某人热血沸腾，使某人万分激动

proponent n. 支持者；建议者；倡议者

hold to account 使承担责任

Quite sensibly 自然而然地

beat a path 开辟一条路

Question time:

1. What's the relation between data and analysis of journalists?

2. Do people prefer to fill their days inspecting the accounts of data on the internet?

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2012年6月四六级备考之听力回顾【沪江网校公开课】

tutu — 2012-05-15 14:35

5月2日，2012年6月四六级备考之听力语音公开课已结束，不管是当天错过的同学还是想再听一遍的同学都来回顾一下吧，以下为音频对应精简文本，供大家参考。

备考之听力
第一部分：平时训练
第二部分：考试技巧

常见的问题
第一种情况，听不懂；
第二种情况，听懂了但是选不出来
第三种情况，信息量大，很难记住听到的信息。
第四种情况，复合听力搞不定

平时的练习：

（一）读音问题
按照音标来读，注意英式英语与美式英语的差别以及连读。经常性的接触这些词，比如听听新闻，多熟悉这些发音。

（二）注意选择听力材料并适当运用
1. 真题训练，不要过分关注正确率，而是研究做错的点。
2. 课外听力的扩展，例如VOA， BBC等。以真题为标准，根据自己的情况适当选择听力材料。

可以把听力分为精听和泛听。
精听其实就是要求关注细节，泛听主要是去感受这个语言。

平时训练需要注意的问题：
1. 不管是精听还是泛听，一开始都不要去看文本。
2. 大家要注意总结。在听完后，可以查一下自己不懂的词汇、词组，扩充自己的词汇量。然后把一些好的句子，经典的常用的句子记下来。还可以把听力文本当做阅读材料来用。仔细的分析一下其中的结构，段落的结构，长难句的结构。

短对话：

考察点：同义互换
popular: She is very popular among her friends.
She enjoys great popularity among her friends.（C4）

popular-prevalent

in advance: Get a ticket in advance(C6)
Buy tickets beforehand

考察点：语法

固定搭配：sneak up on: The problem for me was that there were no symptoms; it seemed to have sneaked up on me.(C4)

attend to: He cries and some comes to attend to him

虚拟语气：

长对话：

1、主旨题：一般是对话题中的第一题或最后一题。注意开头部分。它往往说明了对话的背景、揭示出主题。
2、细节题。注意把握讲过的短对话的细节内容。

例子：
M: Classical, wow. What did you learn?

W: Music, history, literature, civilizations, philosophy, language and some sciences.

M: Lucky for you. I hope I could have receive good education as you did.

What does Jack think of the education Amy has received?

2. A. Jack thinks Amy has learnt nothing from her education.

B. Jack shows his admiration towards Amy’s education.

C. Jack is jealous of the good education Amy has received.

D. Jack shows indifferent to Amy’s education

短文听力：

1. 注意举例的地方。比如or, and , such, for example….the first, the second. In addition,
2. 注意比较级的地方。不一定都是than, 也可能是senior to， superior to
3. 建议的地方。比如：opinion/idea
You should / should not

复合听力
1. 名词、动词和形容词是最主要的考点。
2. 注意考察时候的词型变化；比如world’s, permitted, serving, offers
3. 第一遍尽量填写完单词，写下句子框架：主谓宾；第二遍补全，第三遍检查。比如：

For this reason I changed my attitude and my habits and decided to live out the principles of this movement.

1. I changed… attitude and ….habits and decided to live out …. principles.. of

2. For this reason I changed my attitude and my habits and decided to live out the principles of this movement.

去年听力考试特点：
1、注意语速和发音
2、六级考生特别要注意推理题。能够通过掌握全文来得知作者的言下之意。

更多CET备考精彩语音活动敬请期待：

【CET备考】2012年6月四六级考试之写作指南

【CET备考】2012年6月四六级考试之最后冲刺

想要了解更多最新公开课信息 >>请往这边走<<

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四六级考前30天备考易见问题及对策汇总（二）

告别天堂 — 2012-05-15 12:30

九、做了很多练习，但是错题依然很多，进步不大，怎么办？
答：首先，需要认真做题，及时地总结，保证不犯相同错误。其次，英语学习经常会出现平台期，即大量的训练之后没有出现明显的效果。但是，漫长的积累一定会让你有多方面的潜移默化的变化，比如速度，词汇量，感觉等。这些变化无法体现，但是一定会有所体现。请各位静下心来，先放放功利的杂念，再坚持一下，等待质变的到来。记住，最痛苦最困难的时候，往往是你正在往上升的时候，你需要的，只是继续。

十、作文的备考，背历年范文有用吗？背范文要全文一字不落地背下来吗？
答：背诵当然越多越好，这是语言学习的基础。能一字不漏的背下来当然牛了，但是关键在于，一没时间，对于应试，广大考生是否真能背诵所有例文？背诵的现实性是有待考察的。建议考生自己把近三年的范文看看，主要看结构，然后自己写写，让同学或老师修改，再写一遍。这样做可以，一、熟悉英文写作的结构；二、熟悉适合自己的固定句型。

十一、怎么准备完型填空中考到的语法结构？
答：语法结构问题，主要是时态、语态、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、从句（包括连接词和关系代词或关系副词）等方面的问题。特别是，在特定的语境中应该选用何种时态或者何种句子结构，往往是容易出错的关键。其次再看一看该部分在整个考试中的地位和时间分配。

十二、听写部分，能听懂的但写不出来，怎么办？
答：原因可能是耳朵之间没有默契，或者手太慢，或者是单词的拼写不够熟练。在四六级考试前一段时间里，请大家静下心来，多做一些篇章的听写训练，把句子多放几遍，直到自己能够全部写出为止。听写更需要熟练程度而不是技巧。不要懒惰。

十三、听力考试部分总让我紧张，怎么办？如何克服？
答：很多事情让我们紧张，例如，当众讲话，偷窥暗恋对象被人家发现、问别人借钱或者催别人还钱等等，包括听力考试。以上种种紧张，只因某件事情的熟悉程度太低。所以，听得多了，自然就不会紧张了。

十四、考前1个月，该如何选择听力材料？
答：原则一：不要选择专业术语、专有名词较多的材料；原则二、注意语段材料的时效性，时效性最强最值得练习；原则三、基础不佳者不宜用影视剧对白练习听写；原则四、刚开始练习时，材料篇幅不宜过长；原则五、不推荐听收音机节目来做听写练习。

十五、快速阅读解题步骤？
答：1 、明确定位词：比如答谢、数字、专有名词等。2 、快速找重现：主题题文同序原则。3 、简单化求解：根据题目要求找信息，并注意同义转换。

十六、综合是考完型还是改错？
答：综合观察往年考察情况，综合是以考察完型为主的，建议同学们复习时候可以加强完型备考和训练。

十七、写作中遇到不会表达的内容，该如何应对？
答：碰到不会表达的思想可以用几下几招：第一，模糊化及用上义词表达。如不会说手提电脑，可以用它的上义词“machine”， “invention” ，“instrument” 等。第二，可以解释说明。第三，可以把一些解释不清的东西略去不写。写作是一个主动地创造过程，可以并且应该发挥自己的主观能动性，写那些会写的，避开不会写的。

十八、翻译时，汉译英遇到瓶颈，怎么办？
答：首先，出现这种情况可能和记忆单词的方法有关，即我们大多数同学在大多数时间里都是看英文背中文意思，长此以往就会习惯英译汉的单项反射，而汉译英则不太灵活。这点你可以在平时记忆时可以注意下练习汉译英。其次，对于翻译，要注意抓关键词，因为这些关键词是得分点，如果你把关键词丢了，即使句子的整体意思能翻译出来，这个得分还是有限的。多做真题翻译，对照答案解析，你对关键词的敏感度就会提高。第三，汉译英主要是语法和句子结构，所以还是要回到掌握好语法知识的基础来。理解中文原意是前提，分析句子结构，句子关系，需要多记忆一些固定搭配。其实汉译英和作文类似，如果能认真提高写作水平，汉译英自然也不成问题。翻译没有捷径可走，多练习多阅读。

最后，祝同学们考试顺利！

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四六级备考月系列活动之考前30天答疑碎访谈

tutu — 2012-05-14 18:06

2012年6月英语四六级考试将于6月16日（周六）举行。目前离考试只剩下一个月时间了！考试复习迫在眉睫，很多童鞋却还是有各种各样的疑问：单词怎么背才不会忘？听力如何练才会有效提高？阅读练习以什么为材料？写作如何搭好框架拿高分？

考前一个月，你还有哪些疑惑？还有哪些想了解清楚的问题？为帮助广大考生更好地复习，沪江英语特联手沪江网校四六级名师，为你考前把脉，指点迷津！

答疑名师：沪江网校四六级名师团队

活动时间：2012年5月24日（周四） 15:00——17:00

活动地点：话题碎#四六级考前30天碎访谈#

参与方式：所有同学现在就可以到碎碎页面留言，发布自己关于6月四六级考试的问题，网校名师将于活动时间集中回答大家，给予贴心的备考指导！

活动奖励：每位积极参与备考提问的同学都有50沪元好运红包哦~

→现在就去占位提问>>

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四级六级阅读练习（27）：研究表明每天两瓶含糖饮料或使味蕾变迟钝

tutu — 2012-05-14 17:30

【今日阅读推荐】本篇阅读材料“研究表明每天两瓶含糖饮料或使味蕾变迟钝”选自《卫报》（原文标题：Two sugary drinks a day can dull taste buds, study claims 2011.6.9）。如果大家觉得比较简单，就当作泛读材料了解了解，认识几个新单词或新表达方式也不错。如果大家觉得这些材料理解上有难度，不妨当做挑战自己的拔高训练，希望大家都有进步^^

Consuming just two sugary drinks a day can dull the taste buds and lead to cravings for high-calorie food, a study claims.

The research suggests that within a month those who drink sugary beverages are left with a dulled sensitivity to sweet tastes. This leads to an increased preference for high-calorie and sugar-laden foods, creating a "vicious cycle" as consumers look for their next treat.

Those who do not have a sweet tooth are particularly at risk of developing one after drinking sugary beverages, even if they are slim and active.

Experts who carried out the research at the universities of Bristol and Bangor expressed surprise at how quickly tastes could be dulled by exposure to sweet drinks. Lucy Donaldson, of the University of Bristol, said: "We have known for some time that the way we perceive different tastes can change under different circumstances. Finding that two sweet drinks a day over a short time can dramatically change taste was a real surprise."

In the trial lean and obese people rated their perception and enjoyment of sweet and salty tastes. The obese participants tended to rate identical drinks as less sweet than the lean ones did.

The experts then recruited only lean people who did not usually consume sugary drinks. Their sensitivity to sweet drinks was tested and they were asked to consume a sugary drink twice a day. A month later, when they were re-tested, their sensitivity to sweet tastes and conscious enjoyment of them had dulled.

Dr Hans-Peter Kubis, of the University of Bangor, said the dulling of tastebuds can lead to a "vicious cycle" as consumers of sugary drinks tend to more sweet and calorie-laden food to compensate.

He said: "This has serious implications for public health. This research shows how little sweet food stuffs are required to actually change your taste perceptions, and how powerful sweet-tasting products are.

"We are heading for a health disaster with rising obesity levels and the increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes. From our research it is clear to see how this situation may have created a cycle of sweet food and drink consumption. As taste satisfaction levels drop; the more sweet foods are consumed, contributing to these problems."

【重点单词及短语】

taste bud 味蕾

craving for 对……的渴望

preference for 偏爱……；优先选择

sugar-laden adj. 富含糖分的

sweet tooth 喜好甜食

at risk of 冒……之危险

perceive v. 察觉；理解；认知

lean adj. 瘦的；贫乏的 v. 倾斜；倚靠；倾向

obese adj. 肥胖的，过胖的

compensate v. 补偿，赔偿

head for 前往；出发；取向于

Question time:

1. What if we are left with a dulled sensitivity to sweet tastes?

2. According to the research, what's the consequence of a dulled sensitivity to sweet tastes?

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四六级考前一个月备考易见问题及对策汇总（一）

告别天堂 — 2012-05-14 12:30

一、词汇还是记不住，怎么办？
答：首先，应该果断地选择按照自己的方法来，方法没有好不好，只有是不适合自己，即使是死记硬背，就抓紧时间背单词，反复记忆。其次，每天的时间和精力花费在单词上的不宜过多，一个小时足矣。第三，这个时间段应该开始做真题练习，真题阅读是记忆单词非常好的材料。毕竟四六级对单词量的考察主要就是集中在阅读上。所以直接攻核心的东西，将阅读真题作为巩固单词记忆的主要工具，第一遍阅读时遇到不会记不起的单词都标注出来，查出意思记熟背牢。第二轮阅读真题时回忆单词，记不住的查看上轮的标注。这样重复回忆和记忆，真题中常出现的高频词汇也就掌握了。

注意：标注时最好不要在原文上，这样有助于回忆的效果。

二、考前30天，如何选择练习题？
答：第一、时间充足，有余力的同学可以做些模拟题，预测题，然后进行真题的训练，真题为主，注意好时间的分配。第二、时间很紧的同学就集中攻克真题，选择至少近六年的真题，好好安排每天练习的数量和时间，争取把真题都吃透练烂。第三、考前可以用模拟题来找感觉，对错不重要，注意分配时间，速度和过程中的自我调节。

三、考前30天，如何高效利用真题进行复习？
答：第一、可以将真题分类，比如有10套真题：A）可以拿出其中的6份来，拆开，进行各部分的练习用，比如听完阅读课程后，就做真题阅读部分；真题听力部分拿来做每天的听力练习材料。作文部分进行写作练习，对答案，背模板，背范文等。B）另外四份留着完整的做，严格按照考试时间来完成。错误的地方要弄明白，查漏补缺。第二、建议同学们完整做完一套真题后，就是用彩色笔在原文中标记出答案出处，然后，需要做的工作是：
1、答案是如何进行同义替换，是名词、动词还是副词等。
2、错误选项是从哪个角度设计的，能否在原文找到错误选项的出处。你会发现错误选项往往是拼凑，或是在定位处的其他地方，或是原文中根本没有出现，或是歪曲原意，例如胡乱比较等。
3、原文出现的这句话具有什么特点：是含有转折词but, yet, however；还是比较句；或是结论句、因果句等。
4、看一下每个题目都固定在那一段落出题，并且是段落的那个位置。
5、近几年都会考什么题型的题。
6、每个题型所对应的解题方法是什么。
7、原文结构是否明白，中心是否突出。
8、作者用的写作手法是什么。
9、文章还有没有难词或难句子。

如果你以上问题都弄清楚了，那么考研真题才算研究的不错，这样才能真正对自己的复习起到指导作用。

四、报辅导班，老师讲的时候都明白，但是自己操作发现困难很大，怎么办？
答：第一、听课和自己做题时肯定是有很大差别的，否则听过课的同学应该都能达到授课老师的水平了。但是我们知道这是不可能的。记住听课过程中最重要的是体会老师讲的思维思路和方法技巧，而不是答案。老师讲课的时候举例都是很具体的，但是在同学们自己课后做题时会遇到各种各样的题目，很难有和老师举的例子一模一样的。所以要灵活运用，多独立思考，切忌不能死记和教条主义。第二、多动笔多练习。很多问题只有在自己的实际操作中才能发现并解决。而且在没有将老师的方法熟悉掌握和运用之前，那些方法都不算你的，你明白也不算真明白。做题时很容易就重新回到自己老的思路和方法上来。记住熟能生巧，多练习才是王道。

五、做阅读题时，速度慢怎么办？
答：要强迫自己养成快速浏览文章的习惯，在快速浏览文章的时候，不需要每个单词和句子都读得懂。阅读过程中，考生们需要的是首先弄清楚这篇文章的中心思想是什么，其次用笔在试卷上面标记出考试要考的重点。

掌握快速阅读的精髓是如何去忽略那些多余的信息，而记住那些重要的信息。你的阅读方式和速度仍然会因为文章的性质和你阅读的动机而不同。因此，应以自己认为适宜和有益理解的速度读下去。复习中应该先练习正确率然后提高速度。一开始不要过于追求速度，而是以理解和正确为练习方向，然后再追求正确的同时，将速度的要求加上。

六、做听力时，总是注意力涣散，如何解决？
答：容易走神是平时练习得少，精听太少，而泛听太多，你需要注意，语段中的关键词汇，语调变化，层次的分辨等等，没有重点听，我们自然会走神。另外，无法识别的单词数量太多时，我们的听觉系统就会变得麻木，于是注意力就开始涣散了。因此，每次练习听力要长时间的听，静下心来，坐得住。多听注意力自然就提高了。

七、做听力练习时不能一边看题一边听题，如何兼顾？
答：首先要学会看题。例如听力题目的选项经常以相同主语开头，此时你注意谓语或宾语的不同就好。即便是四个选项不但巨长无比而且全部差别很大，那也无需挨个看，因为这样的题目的准确选项会和原文的表述非常接近。所以，只需要边听边浏览，当听到内容和看到的一致时就可以出手答题了。另外，词汇量也会影响你。平时复习过程中，加大词汇量的输入也是比较重要的。

八、做听力时，速度跟不上怎么办？
答：两个原因：一是你没有学过那些单词；二是你学过那些单词，但是你没有听过，也就是说，它们在你的耳朵里没有印象。所以，听到这种材料时，你的分辨速度和材料的语速当然不成正比。你需要做的是：反复的听，让这些材料不断地在你耳边重复，熟到像听到“China”就想到中国，“boy”就想到男孩一样。

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四级六级阅读练习（26）：当代小说：都市女性文学之死？

tutu — 2012-05-13 17:30

【今日阅读推荐】本篇阅读材料“当代小说：都市女性文学之死？”选自《经济学人》（原文标题：Contemporary fiction The death of chick lit? 2012.3.6）。如果大家觉得比较简单，就当作泛读材料了解了解，认识几个新单词或新表达方式也不错。如果大家觉得这些材料理解上有难度，不妨当做挑战自己的拔高训练，希望大家都有进步^^

IT was fun at the start, like every romance. But ten years on, the bloom is off the “chick lit” rose. This sparkly slice of women’s fiction has more or less officially expired. Reports abound from either side of the Atlantic: publishers rebuff new titles; supermarkets barely stock them; authors can no longer make it pay. Sophie Kinsella, the reigning queen of light amusing urban romance, must feel a little like Mark Twain. She ain’t dead yet: her newest novel, "I’ve Got Your Number", is a current top seller on British fiction charts.

chick lit 都市女性文学。“Chick”除有“鸡仔”的意思外，口语中还有“妞儿”的意思，是英美俚语中对年轻女郎的统称。“Lit”是“literature”的英文缩写，是“文学”的意思。所谓chick lit实际上定义是“女性作家写给女性读者看的作品”，类似于中国近几年比较流行的女性言情小说。

expire v. 期满；终止；死亡

abound v. 充满；富于；大量存在

rebuff vt. 断然拒绝 n. 断然拒绝；回绝；漠不关心

reigning adj. 占统治地位的；起支配作用的；在位的

A decade after "Bridget Jones’s Diary" and "Confessions of a Shopaholic" unleashed a tsunami of stiletto heels, chick lit isn’t as much dead as transformed. The genre has grown up and moved on. If anything should be laid to rest, many women in publishing argue, it’s the dubious and denigrating label that has hung on it like an albatross from the start.

lay to rest 消除；埋葬

albatross 沉重负担

“The term assumes the subjects covered are light, but actually that’s not necessarily true. They can be meaty and gritty,” says Janey Fraser, a British writer whose new novel "The Playgroup" involves relationships across generations. Even Ms Kinsella’s original Shopaholic heroine now has a baby, notes her editor, Linda Evans at Transworld Books. The “chick lit” box never really did justice to the full spectrum of women’s experience that many of these novels address—and is no longer relevant to the work being published now.

Shopaholic n. 购物狂 adj. 购物狂的

“It’s moving on from young women having trouble with their boyfriends and their hair. I can’t imagine publishing anything like that in 2012,” says Ms Evans. “But the good ones were never just about that; they were always about money and property, too, like 'Pride and Prejudice'.”

The original appeal of these books, mostly featuring feisty, single young professional women, has not changed much either. They’re entertaining and often wickedly funny. “Every once in a while I just like to read a frothy story I don’t have to think about too much,” says Andee-Louise Gilchrist, a London reader. “It’s like choosing Cadbury’s over Godiva; all are an indulgence and each has its merits.” For their part, two American writers, stung by the obituaries, have defended their turf by launching a website, “Chick Lit Is Not Dead.”

indulgence n. 嗜好；放纵；纵容；沉溺

Nonetheless, British sales of women’s commercial fiction did slump by 20% from 2010 to 2011, according to the Bookseller. For some authors, the drop was as much as half. But book sales in all genres are down, while e-book sales are still not tracked. Some think it possible that chick lit, like its steamier cousin, romance, is more readily consumed on e-readers, without the tell-all wrapper.

slump v. 下降

It’s tempting, too, to blame vampires for putting a stake in chick-lit’s heart. The real reason, though, was overkill. Bookselling is a faddish business, and the market was quickly saturated—as the “Skandicrime” genre is saturated now. “Thousands if not millions of women worldwide decided they could pick up a pen and write another Bridget Jones, and publishers started printing them in droves,” says literary agent Teresa Chris. Publishers, for their part, blame retailers, with their blinkered repetition of winning formulas, and especially, those treacly, girly covers. Many writers were shoehorned into that marketing box, even if their novels dealt with more serious issues. Polly Courtney, for example, dropped publisher HarperCollins last year for packaging her novels in what she called “condescending and fluffy” covers.

faddish adj. 风行的；流行一时的

saturate vt. 浸透，使湿透；使饱和，使充满

in droves 成群结队地

blinkered adj. 思路狭隘的；心胸狭隘的

Many readers are indeed turned off by the implicit marketing message. “It’s sort of like, admit it ladies, it’s all a ruse, this professional thing. The prince and the ring are really out there,” says one. That underlying sexism in packaging still grates, especially since the success of David Nicholls’ "One Day", a young urban romance that would doubtless have sported swirls had its author been a woman.

implicit adj. 盲从的；含蓄的；暗示的

Still, hope springs eternal, as these tales instruct. The ageing cohort that once devoured "Prada" and "Shopaholic" will soon want a different kind of novel that reflects the complexities of modern women’s lives. “They may well have stilettos on the cover,” Ms Fraser says. “But I wouldn’t be surprised if they also had trainers. Women live in a very big church.”

The subject is enduring, and broad. Think Cathy and Heathcliff, Austen’s "Emma", the 1930s gem "Miss Pettigrew Lives for a Day". Alongside chick lit emerged hilarious takes on balancing career and motherhood such as Maeve Haran’s "Having It All" and Allison Pearson’s "I Don’t Know How She Does It". The current popularity of tragic tales of Tudor queens and other histories, and the emergence of family thrillers like Emma Donohue’s "Room" and Rosamund Lupton’s "Sister" suggest that the late, lamented chick lit is merely one pink-hued incarnation of a still-vital phenomenon of stories that convey the female experience.

Question time:

1. Please translate the underlined words into Chinese.

2. How many factors does the author stated that lead to the dilemma of chick lit in the passages?

【参考答案反白可见（按ctrl+A即可）】

1. 十年前，《BJ单身日记》和《一个购物狂的自白》掀起了一场高跟鞋风暴；而十年后，都市女性文学不得不在转变中求发展，这类小说题材开始变得更有深度和广度。

2. Three. Firstly, many women in publishing argue that it’s the dubious and denigrating label that has hung on it like an albatross from the start; Secondly, some blame that vampires novels result in the fading of chick lit; Thirdly, the author thinks that the real reason is overkill of the market.

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四级六级阅读练习（25）：年龄与智慧：姜真的是老的辣吗？

tutu — 2012-05-12 17:30

【今日阅读推荐】本篇阅读材料“年龄与智慧：姜真的是老的辣吗？”选自《经济学人》（原文标题：Age and wisdom: Older and wiser? 2012.4.7）。如果大家觉得比较简单，就当作泛读材料了解了解，认识几个新单词或新表达方式也不错。如果大家觉得这些材料理解上有难度，不妨当做挑战自己的拔高训练，希望大家都有进步^^

Americans get wiser with age. Japanese are wise from the start.

ONE stereotype of wisdom is a wizened Zen-master smiling benevolently at the antics of his pupils, while referring to them as little grasshoppers or some such affectation, safe in the knowledge that one day they, too, will have been set on the path that leads to wizened masterhood. But is it true that age brings wisdom? A study two years ago in North America, by Igor Grossmann of the University of Waterloo, in Canada, suggested that it is. In as much as it is possible to quantify wisdom, Dr Grossmann found that elderly Americans had more of it than youngsters. He has, however, now extended his investigation to Asia—the land of the wizened Zen-master—and, in particular, to Japan. There, he found, in contrast to the West, that the grasshoppers are their masters’ equals almost from the beginning.

stereotype n. 刻板印象；老套

benevolent adj. 仁慈的；亲切的；仁爱的

quantify v. 量化；为……定量

Dr Grossmann’s study, just published in Psychological Science, recruited 186 Japanese from various walks of life and compared them with 225 Americans. Participants were asked to read a series of pretend newspaper articles. Half described conflict between groups, such as a debate between residents of an impoverished Pacific island over whether to allow foreign oil companies to operate there following the discovery of petroleum. (Those in favour viewed it as an opportunity to get rich; those against feared the disruption of ancient ways and potential ecological damage.) The other half took the form of advice columns that dealt with conflicts between individuals: siblings, friends and spouses. After reading each article, participants were asked “What do you think will happen after that?” and “Why do you think it will happen this way?” Their responses were recorded and transcribed.

walks of life 各界；各行各业

impoverished adj. 穷困的；用尽了的，无创造性的

in favor 赞同；偏向

disruption n. 破坏；毁坏

sibling n. 兄弟姐妹

spouse n. 配偶

transcribe v. 转录；抄写

Dr Grossmann and his colleagues removed age-related information from the transcripts, and also any clues to participants’ nationalities, and then passed the edited versions to a group of assessors. These assessors were trained to rate transcribed responses consistently, and had been tested to show that their ratings were statistically comparable with one another.

The assessors scored participants’ responses on a scale of one to three. This attempted to capture the degree to which they discussed what psychologists consider five crucial aspects of wise reasoning: willingness to seek opportunities to resolve conflict; willingness to search for compromise; recognition of the limits of personal knowledge; awareness that more than one perspective on a problem can exist; and appreciation of the fact that things may get worse before they get better.

compromise n. 妥协

perspective n. 观点

A score of one on any aspect indicated a participant gave no consideration to it. A score of two indicated some consideration. A score of three indicated a great deal of consideration. Each participant’s scores were then added up and mathematically transformed to create an overall value within a range of zero to 100 for both interpersonal and intergroup wisdom.

The upshot was that, as Dr Grossmann had found before, Americans do get wiser with age. Their intergroup wisdom score averaged 45 at the age of 25 and 55 at 75. Their interpersonal score similarly climbed from 46 to 50. Japanese scores, by contrast, hardly varied with age. Both 25-year-olds and 75-year-olds had an average intergroup wisdom of 51. For interpersonal wisdom, it was 53 and 52.

Taken at face value, these results suggest Japanese learn wisdom faster than Americans. One up, then, to the wizened Zen-masters. But they also suggest a paradox. Generally, America is seen as an individualistic society, whereas Japan is quite collectivist. Yet Japanese have higher scores than Americans for the sort of interpersonal wisdom you might think would be useful in an individualistic society. Americans, by contrast—at least in the maturity of old age—have more intergroup wisdom than the purportedly collectivist Japanese. Perhaps, then, you need individual skills when society is collective, and social ones when it is individualistic. All of which goes to show that the real root of wisdom is this: do not assume, little grasshopper, that your prejudices are correct.

paradox n. 悖论；似是而非的观点

Question time:

1. What's the finding of Dr Grossmann's research?

2. What are the crucial aspects of wise reasoning?

【参考答案反白可见（按ctrl+A即可）】

1. Americans get wiser with age. Japanese are wise from the start.

2. willingness to seek opportunities to resolve conflict; willingness to search for compromise; recognition of the limits of personal knowledge; awareness that more than one perspective on a problem can exist; and appreciation of the fact that things may get worse before they get better.

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四级六级阅读练习（24）：日本开发地热能温泉浴风波再起

tutu — 2012-05-11 17:30

【今日阅读推荐】本篇阅读材料“日本开发地热能温泉浴风波再起”选自《经济学人》（原文标题：Geothermal energy in Japan: Storm in a hot tub 2012. 4.7）。如果大家觉得比较简单，就当作泛读材料了解了解，认识几个新单词或新表达方式也不错。如果大家觉得这些材料理解上有难度，不妨当做挑战自己的拔高训练，希望大家都有进步^^

As anyone who has been to Japan knows, there are strict rules about bathing in onsen, or hot springs. Bodies must be scrubbed beforehand, swimming trunks are banned and tattoos are taboo. The industry’s jurisdiction extends far beyond the tub, however.

beforehand 事先；预先

swimming trunk 游泳裤

taboo n. 禁忌；禁止 adj. 禁忌的；忌讳的 vt. 禁忌；禁止

jurisdiction n. 管制；司法权

For decades, onsen owners have stifled development of a huge potential source of clean energy: geothermal power. They argue that the tapping of heated aquifers in volcanic Japan will drain the onsen dry, increase pollution and ruin a cherished form of relaxation. With Japan on the verge of running out of nuclear power, however, the demand for new sources of energy is becoming harder to resist.

geothermal power 地热能

heated aquifer 高温蓄水层

drain v. 耗尽；使流出

on the verge of 濒临于；接近于

resist v. 抵抗；抗拒

Three Japanese companies—Toshiba, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Fuji Electric—control more than half of the global market for geothermal turbines, yet Japan itself gets a mere 0.3% of its energy, or 537 megawatts, from its own steam. The industry’s promoters say that Japan sits on about 20,000 MW of geothermal energy, or the equivalent of 20 nuclear reactors, though not all of this could be developed. Since the disaster at Fukushima last year, all but one of the nation’s 54 nuclear reactors are now temporarily suspended, reducing Japan’s power-generating capacity by about a third. That has accelerated the search for alternatives.

equivalent n. 等价物，相等物 adj. 等价的，相等的；同意义的

nuclear reactor 核反应堆

suspend vt. 延缓，推迟；使暂停

accelerate v. 加速；促进；增加

alternative adj. 供选择的；选择性的；交替的 n. 二中择一；供替代的选择

In July the government is set to introduce a feed-in tariff that will force the ten regional electricity monopolies to buy renewable energy at above-market rates—though a price has not yet been set. At the end of March the environment ministry said it would abolish guidelines that restrict geothermal development in some national parks. Companies including Idemitsu, a refiner, have quickly announced plans to build a geothermal plant in the mountains of Fukushima prefecture, which is famous for its hot springs. But they expect it will take ten years before they start generating electricity.

tariff n. 关税

monopoly n. 垄断；专卖

renewable adj. 可再生的；可更新的；可继续的

abolish v. 废除；取消

Experts say the long time lag reflects some of the difficulties of developing new business in Japan. Tetsunari Iida, head of the Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies, says the country needs a “strong and wise government” that can persuade the onsen owners and local communities that the industry would not spoil their spas. He also says the country needs companies with strong balance-sheets and a robust risk culture to lead the way. Having the world’s best turbine manufacturers is not enough, he says.

lag n. 落后；延迟 v. 落后于；滞后；缓缓而行拓展 lag behind=fall behind 落后；拖欠；落在后面

persuade v. 劝说；劝服

To speed things up, Japan could also look overseas for help. Iceland, for instance, generates the same amount of geothermal energy as Japan, though Japan has 400 times more people. A Japanese expert, Hirofumi Muraoka, calculates that one mid-sized northern city, Aomori, with a population about the size of Iceland’s 318,000, could save enormously on imported fuel bills and heating costs by tapping geothermal springs nearby. Besides generating electricity, it could use the hot water from the springs to heat houses, as Iceland does.

speed up 加快；使加速

enormously adv. 巨大的；庞大的

generate electricity 发电

Iceland’s ambassador to Japan, Stefan Stefansson, says his country’s experience suggests Japan does not need subsidies to develop geothermal energy. It needs careful management of underground reservoirs, and an entrepreneurial vision. Besides heating houses, he says, Iceland’s geothermal water is used for farming tasty tropical fish such as tilapia. As for the onsen-owners’ protests, he snorts: “Go to your computer and type in “Blue Lagoon”. There you will find the biggest onsen in the world and we have them all over Iceland. How’s that for pollution?”

Question time:

1. Why do onsen owners object to the development of geothermal power?

2. According to the expert, what should be done to develop new business in Japan?

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2012年6月四六级备考之写作指南【沪江网校公开课】

tutu — 2012-05-11 12:15

离6月份的英语四六级考试只有一个月了！最后阶段，除了听力、阅读，写作当然也是重点。作文内容太平淡？写作框架太散乱？心中有数不会表达？这么多的写作问题如何解决？请听沪江网校Samuel老师指点迷津！Samuel老师有多年的四六级教学经验，口才好，知识广。5月21日晚，让我们相约CCTalk英语大厅，Samuel老师将在在轻松娱乐的环境中帮大家突破写作！

【CET备考】2012年6月四六级考试之写作指南

活动时间：5月21日(星期一) 19:30 - 20:30

活动地点：CCTalk英语大厅 （下载CCTalk）

主讲老师：Samuel老师

主持人：瑶瑶

（为什么要预约：预约后能在活动前收到站内短信提醒，不用担心因为忘了时间而错过活动~~另外活动结束后还会收到全程记录视频放出的通知，可以及时进行回顾！）

本次语音活动主要内容：

1. 作文常见问题及2011年12月作文特点

2. 如何针对性的解决

3. 写作过程中需要注意的点

4. 是否能够使用模板

更多CET备考指导敬请期待：

【CET备考】2012年6月四六级考试之最后冲刺

想要了解更多最新公开课信息 >>请往这边走<<

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四级六级阅读练习（23）：数字化资产——不死的数据

tutu — 2012-05-10 17:30

【今日阅读推荐】本篇阅读材料“数字化资产——不死的数据”选自《经济学人》（原文标题：Deathless data What happens to our digital property after we die? 2012.4.21）。如果大家觉得比较简单，就当作泛读材料了解了解，认识几个新单词或新表达方式也不错。如果大家觉得这些材料理解上有难度，不妨当做挑战自己的拔高训练，希望大家都有进步^^

LORNE GLADSTONE of Toronto is 58, but prudently pondering how to bequeath his digital property. Doing the paperwork after his parents’ death was a challenge. “When my time comes, I wonder if my children will even know what paper is,” he says. As a software developer, his virtual assets are both valuable and vital to his business. That exemplifies a problem. Online lives have increasing economic and sentimental value. But testamentary laws offer muddled and incomplete ways of bequeathing and inheriting them.

prudently adv. 谨慎地；慎重地

ponder v. 仔细考虑；衡量

bequeath v. 遗赠；把…遗赠给；把…传下去

virtual asset 虚拟资产

exemplify v. 例证；举例说明

testamentary law 遗嘱法

Digital assets may include software, websites, downloaded content, online gaming identities, social-media accounts and even e-mails. In Britain alone holdings of digital music may be worth over £9 billion ($14 billion). A fifth of respondents to a Chinese local-newspaper survey said they had over 5,000 yuan ($790) of digital property. And value does not lie only in money. “Anyone with kids under 14 years old probably has two prints of them and the rest are in online galleries,” says Nathan Lustig of Entrustet, a company that helps people manage digital estates.

social-media account 社交网络账号

holding n. 财产；持有量

Service providers have different rules—and few state them clearly in their terms and conditions. Many give users a personal right to use an account, but nobody else, even after death. Facebook allows relatives to close an account or turn it into a memorial page. Gmail (run by Google) will provide copies of e-mails to an executor. Music downloaded via iTunes is held under a licence which can be revoked on death. Apple declined to comment on the record on this or other policies. All e-mail and data on its iCloud service are deleted on the death of the owner.

executor n. 执行者；遗嘱执行人

revoke v. 取消；撤回；废除

This has led to litigation in America. In 2004 the family of Justin Ellsworth, a marine killed in Iraq, took Yahoo! to court in Michigan to get copies of his e-mails. This year, a court in Oregon ruled that another bereaved American mother could use her dead son’s password to enter his Facebook account for a short period. Now five American states have enacted laws giving executors control over the social-networking profiles of deceased users.

litigation n. 诉讼；起诉

take … to court 把……告上法庭

bereaved adj. 丧失亲人的；死了……的

enact v. 颁布；制定法律

deceased adj. 已故的 n. 死者

But this raises the subject of privacy. Passing music on is one thing; not everyone may want their relatives snooping on their e-mails. Colin Pearson, a London-based lawyer, says access should come only with an explicit provision in a will.

pass on 传递；转让

snoop on 偷偷窥探

explicit adj. 明确的；清楚地；直率的

provision n. 规定；条款

Such clearly expressed wishes may help. An internet law expert in New Delhi, Gurpreet Singh, has already seen a few cases of wills including digital estates. “People are slowly realising the value,” he says. A nascent industry is emerging to simplify the process. Entrustet, newly acquired by a Swiss competitor, SecureSafe, says it has 10,000 clients. It safeguards their passwords, and a list of who can access what when they die.

emerge v. 形成；出现

simplify v. 简化

But laws, wills and password safes may clash with the providers’ terms of service, especially when the executor is in one country and the data in another. Headaches for the living—and lots of lovely work for lawyers.

clash with 与……冲突；不调和

Question time:

1. What kinds of data are included in digital assets ?

2. According to the introduction, can the deceased's relatives snoop on their social-media accounts?

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如何应对四六级写作“变脸” ？

告别天堂 — 2012-05-10 17:00

现在距离2012年6月17日的四、六级考试还有30多天的时间，相信大多数考生已将备考提上日程。从去年12月份的四、六级考试来看，写作部分的“变脸”，足以让大多考生一头雾水，不知从何下笔。

对此，新东方网络课堂四、六级辅导名师金凌虹老师以12月份六级考试作文为例，为大家解析四、六级写作部分的备考思路，希望能对广大考生的复习给予有力指导。

一、写作部分之前的考察以“提纲作文”形式出现

2006年6月四六级实行710分制新形式，2006年12月，新四六级在全国范围内普及开来。06年12月之后的六级考试写作部分，写作题型上从未再出现应用文、图表作文。而是以稳定的“提纲作文”形式出现，通常写作题目会给考生三条中文提纲，考生按照中文提纲便能基本确定文章写几段、每段写什么主题内容。

二、2011年12月四、六级作文考察形式：开放性话题论述

请看2011年12月的作文题目：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln’s famous remark, “Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.” You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

很多同学拿到作文题目之后又两个反应：1.这个题目很怪，和考前准备的不一样；2.监考老师是不是还要发一张写有作文中文提纲的考卷呢?

等同学们反应过来之后，心里惊呼 —— 今年的六级写作题目“变脸”了！

确实，很多同学拿到这个没有中文提纲的写作题目之后，无从下手—— 一不知道文章的段落结构怎么安排，二不知道文章的内容怎么去写。

以往来说，六级写作可以按照两种论述方式来写：1、对立观点：提出A方观点，再提出B方观点，最后提出自己的看法； 2、问题解决：提出问题、分析问题最后解决问题。然而11年12月的这道六级写作题目，根本无法套用以上两种文章的论述方式。因此，我们只能承认，六级写作进入了新的阶段和时期 —— 开放性话题论述。

三、新东方名师以2011年12月考试作文为例，指导2012年6月四六级写作备考

根据去年12月份的考试，2012年6月份的六级考试写作部分也极有可能继续延续这样的命题方式，因此，考前我们务必应该做好充分准备，接下来，我们就手把手地教会同学们写这种新形式的六级写作题目。

请看写作要求（directions），这篇作文的题目是 The Way to Success 成功之路，写作方式是评论美国总统林肯的一句名言“Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.”。我们应该从三个角度来“评论”林肯先生的这句名言：1.这句话的表面含义；2.这句话带给我们的深层含义 3.这句话带给我们的启发，我们应该如何行动？其实，以上三个角度，就是文章的段落安排了。

那么接下来，我们就一起将这篇文章写出来。

文章第一段，直接引用名言，并对其表层含义进行阐述，就林肯的这句话，我们知道“6个小时砍树，要花4个小时来磨斧子”表面的含义就是：6小时砍树的过程，其实4小时用来磨斧子非但不会影响砍树，反而很重要。我们可以这么写：

第一段：“Give me six hours to chop down a tree ,and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.”Abraham Lincoln once said. Although four-hours seems quite a long time, it can help people chop down the tree more smoothly and less laborious in the rest two-hours.

文章的第二段，也是写作中内容最丰富，得分最关键的一段。显然，这一段势必需要“评论”一下这句名言的深层、延伸含义 —— 6小时砍树需要花4小时做准备工作（磨斧子），足以说明：充分的准备是达成成功的重要条件。既然我们已经读懂了林肯先生这句名言的深层含义，作为议论文，我们必须拿出充分的论述和论据来论证“充分的准备对于成功的重要性”。

综上所述，文章的第二段，我们可以写成三句话：第一句话：说明这句名言的深层含义；第二句话：阐述这个含义的重要性或意义或价值或好处，总之，就是说这个含义为什么如此之好之重要；第三句话：用一个生活中、名人或是社会发生的热点事件的具体例子来论证。请看范文写作：

The saying aim at informing us of a truth that no one can get things perfectly done without adequate preparation. Definitely , we can’t emphasize too much of the importance of full preparation in pursuit of success. Full preparation can help people reduce the risk of failure. As we can adopt counter plan when something unexpected occurs instead of being at a loss. It can also help people increase the chances of success. For example, how could you get a job offer without adequate preparation before an interview ?

文章第三段，我们可以延伸开去谈谈针对这句名言给我们的启发，我们应该做些什么具体的行动。那么具体的，我们也可以写成三句话：第一句话，强调这个含义的重要性；第二句话，因为意识到这个含义的重要性，所以我们应该怎么做来践行；第三句话，可以引用其他名人名言，来再次论证这个含义的重要性，用名人名言收尾，既可以呼应本段的主题句，又可以给阅卷者留下考生拥有良好英文功底的印象。具体请看范文写作：

We should bear in mind that no one can achieve their goals easily without preparation. Hence, don’t forget to set up a proper goal, draw up a detailed plan and carry out a full investigation before we take actions. “Preparation breeds success.” Benjamin Franklin once said.

至此，这篇六级文章，这个六级写作的新题型就完工了。同学们可以模仿这样的写作方式，并最终提炼出一个模板和写作思路。文章总共写三段，第一段评价某句名言的浅层、表面的含义；第二段提炼这句名言的深层含义并论证这个含义的重要性意义或好处；第三段表态，既然某个含义这么重要，那么我们应该怎么做呢？

各位同学在今后的备考过程中，应该有意识的通过各种途径，搜集名人、身边或社会发生的事情作为举例论证，也应该背诵一些名人名言谚语等，来增加文章的亮点。

最后，希望大家都能顺利通过考试。加油！

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沪江网校3周年庆之名师语音公开课！

tutu — 2012-05-10 10:16

各位亲爱的同学们，告诉大家一个好消息，为了庆祝沪江网校三周年庆典！
网校君特邀英语日语方面两位重量级名师为大家准备两场完全免费的公开讲座！
让大家有机会近距离感受到两位名师和普通老师完全不同的教学风格。So~Let's go!

【名师介绍】

沈骑老师：中国外语战略研究中心副主任，上外副教授，上海外国语大学语言研究院研究员，博士，研究生导师。

戴宝玉老师：上海外国语大学日本文化经济学院副教授，华东政法学院兼职教授，中国汉日对比语言学研究会副会长，《日语学习与研究》《日语研究》编委。

【活动时间&内容】

英语：5月11日19:30--20:30 英语学习的误区 预约请进>>>
Myth（迷思）：一词多义，既为“神话”，又为“误区”。
中国人为什么要学习英语？如何学好英语？我们在人生的不同阶段如何规划英语学习？
1. 中国历史上的三次English Mania（英语热）
2. 英语学习的“迷思”谈
3. 同学们应该如何制定自己的英语学习规划？

日语：5月18日19:30--20:30 日语词汇学习 预约请进>>>
1. 单词在外语学习中的地位
2. 词汇的分类：基础单词和延伸性单词
3. 记忆单词时要注意什么
4. 如何使用字典来学习

【活动地点】

CCTalk英语大厅、日语大厅（如果CCtalk 还未下载，请迅速下载哦~）

<<下载戳我>>

【沪江网校3周年庆系列活动】正在进行中……

【沪江网校3周年庆征文】晒出我的乐学故事>>>
【网校三周年庆】爱要勇敢“碎”出来！>>>
【沪江网校3周年庆】《我们的网校•我们的歌》校歌征集活动>>>

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四级六级阅读练习（22）：中国人，读什么？

tutu — 2012-05-09 17:14

【今日阅读推荐】本篇阅读材料“中国人，读什么？”选自《经济学人》（原文标题：Who’s reading what?: The East is read 2012. 3.10）。如果大家觉得比较简单，就当作泛读材料了解了解，认识几个新单词或新表达方式也不错。如果大家觉得这些材料理解上有难度，不妨当做挑战自己的拔高训练，希望大家都有进步^^

DIGITAL books are changing traditional publishing models everywhere. In America and Britain, the rise of electronic books is the cause. China’s revolution is different.

“I can’t identify any popular literary trend that didn’t originate online,” says Jo Lusby of Penguin China. Although e-readers are still scarce, the internet has greatly affected reading habits. Chinese people increasingly read books on phones, tablets and laptops. People under 30, who are most likely to own such devices, are the most avid readers, says Eric Abrahamsen, a Beijing-based publishing consultant.

originate v. 发源；起源

scarce adj. 缺乏的，不足的；稀有的 adv. 仅仅；几乎不

avid adj. 渴望的；热心的

consultant n. 顾问；咨询者

The result has been an outpouring of mass-market fiction, written (and read) on websites, not in print. Five years ago internet publishers were typically informal, back-room outfits, but Shanda, an online gaming company, seized the commercial opportunity and now owns most of the literary sites. It sells subscriptions by the chapter or book, by the week or month. Online novels start at around five yuan ($0.80) compared with 30 yuan for an average printed volume.

literary sites 文学网站

subscription n. 订阅；认购；捐献

Some of the newly popular online genres, such as romance, exist everywhere. Others could be termed fiction with Chinese characteristics: grave-robbing stories, for example; official corruption fables involving scheming cadres; and time-travel books where 2,000-year-old warriors pop into a contemporary Beijing disco.

grave-robbing stories 盗墓故事

scheming adj. 惯耍阴谋的；诡计多端的

pop into 匆匆走进

Some of this online material makes it into book form. Print sales, dominated by the country’s 580 state-owned publishing houses, are now worth 44 billion yuan ($7 billion). But growth has slowed from 10% a year in 2007 to around 5%, according to Yang Wei of OpenBook, a market-research firm. Like many online start-ups, Shanda is not yet making money out of web books, although revenues are growing.

The internet has also changed the way that books are promoted. China has relatively few bookshops so cultural networking sites such as Douban.com have proved good at targeting new readers. Few writers make much money, online or in print. The handful of stylish novelists who do have become celebrities. Guo Jingming, a 28-year-old with six novels in 2011’s top 20 list, manages a group of young writers whose magazine Top Novel sells 400,000 copies a month. Han Han, a 29-year-old novelist turned racing-car driver, has a popular blog. Mr Han rose to fame cleverly tweaking the authorities without running foul of the censors. Today’s edgy writers, such as Murong Xuecun, can steer around the censors with their online writing, then make necessary cuts in their print editions. Most authors give the censors no trouble. They know where the line is drawn.

handful of 少数

stylish adj. 时髦的；现代风格的

run foul of 与……争吵；同……发生冲突；与……发生纠葛

steer around 绕过

The proliferation of television channels has created a new stable of authors, and books by television hosts populate bestseller lists. Many are self-help titles. Bai Yansong, a state television presenter, shot up the charts with “Are You Happy?”; and the popularity of “Why is our Life so Hard?”, a book by a talk-show host, Lang Xianping, says much about people’s concerns that they are not better off, despite a booming economy.

proliferation n. 扩散；繁殖

a stable of 一大批；一大群

shot up 迅速成长；直线上升

better off 经济状况好的；富裕的

booming economy 繁荣的经济；经济蓬勃发展

Some foreign titles win commercial success. Stieg Larsson’s “Girl with the Dragon Tattoo” trilogy has sold more than 100,000 copies in Chinese. Yet publishing is a local affair, and even translated titles may be trumped by more popular Chinese imitations. Dan Brown’s “The Da Vinci Code”, for example, has been outstripped locally by his Chinese counterpart, He Ma, whose ten-part “Tibet Code” unearths ancient Tibetan Buddhist secrets.

trilogy 三部曲

trump v. 胜过 n. 王牌；法宝

outstrip v. 超过；胜过；比…跑得快

counterpart n. 极相似的人或物；配对物

Question time:

1. Why there are less bookstores in China?

2. What kind of novels are most popular in China at the present?

欢迎进入沪江论坛回答问题及内容讨论>>

点击查看该系列更多内容>>

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CET冲刺必备书籍：拒绝裸考，30天考前强化！

LL — 2012-05-09 16:22

离2012年6月的大学英语四六级考试就只剩不到40天的时间了，你会发现，这时候该背的单词差不多都背了一遍了，到底复习效果如何，接下来的复习重点又是啥呢？而打算一个月突击的你又该看些什么书呢？

Tip 1：真题必备！

其实，在这个阶段，还应该将重点放在真题上，如果说开始复习的时候做真题是为了检验自己的真实水平，那么最后阶段重拾真题则是重在分析、以获提高，要一套一套做，仔细研究答案，不光弄清自己错在哪里，还要重视那些做对的题对在哪里，因为很可能你做对的理由是错的，蒙对的问题不解决，比明显错误更可怕，把两者都分析透了才能获得提高！

小编推荐：

星火英语CET-4全真试卷(超详解版)

星火英语CET-6全真试卷(超详解版)

长喜英语·大学英语4级
真题集训最新版

长喜英语·大学英语6级
真题集训最新版

Tip 2：全真模拟，以精取胜！

模拟卷、预测卷不等同于真正上考场的卷子，有的人模拟卷得分挺高，最后考得不怎么好，那么应该如何使用模拟卷、预测卷呢？数量不需要太多，选择口碑好的卷子，在最后一两周，安排几次模考，要尽量模拟真实考场，包括考试时间与考场环境，主要训练自己在题量与时间上的分配与取舍，同时也能缓解上真战场时候的紧张情绪！

小编推荐：

星火英语CET-4
全真试题与命题预测

星火英语CET-6
全真试题与命题预测

长喜英语·2012上：CET-6
考前必做5套题

长喜英语·2012上：CET-4
考前必做5套题

为了帮助大家顺利度过这段希望与不安并存的关键时期，高效备考冲刺今年6月的四六级，小编给大家推荐一些考前冲刺阶段必备用书，希望各位考生各取所需，争创佳绩！

2012淘金高阶6级考试巅峰训练

作者：潘晓燕主编

推荐理由：本书主编潘晓燕教授有着长期进行大学英语教学、丰富四六级考试的辅导和阅卷的经历，在本书中她将破译命题规律，教会大家猜答案的技巧；7大题型按及格、良好、优秀三个阶段分别讲解，每类题型包括6套专项训练+2套典型真题+5套考前冲刺训练，赠单词卡片64张，速记高频词汇，最后冲刺一网打尽！

长喜英语·2012听前预测式巧攻四级听力

作者：王长喜　主编

推荐理由：本书注重听力技巧的掌握，每道题目右侧都有旁白提示，引领你去思考，透过选项可以看出些什么，听音中间应留意什么，透过题目选项，预测听音内容，从而达到有效听懂，理解做题。

沪江网店好消息：即日起全场四六级辅导书，买2本即送CC虎虎百日计划表一份！数量有限送完即止！戳去>>

>>大学英语四六级考前冲刺书籍专题<<

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四六级备考月系列活动之四六级阅读大闯关开始！

tutu — 2012-05-09 11:44

离2012年6月英语四六级考试只剩下一个月啦！作为四六级考试半壁江山的阅读该如何攻破呢？每天的阅读练习当然必不可少！持续的阅读不仅能帮你培养语感，熟记单词，还能提高阅读速度，拓展视野。

相信考过四六级或是做过真题练习的同学都知道，四六级阅读材料多选自《卫报》《时代》《今日美国》等外刊，涉及文化、生物科学、科技、商业等广博内容。可是外刊内容每天更新，文章素材如此之多，如何挑选最合适的内容进行阅读是个大问题。为此，沪江英语每日精选《卫报》《时代》等外刊上的文章供大家进行阅读练习。戳这里查看四六级每日阅读推荐>>

该系列精选的人文社科文章每篇都配有单词与短语解读，同时还留有课后问题，看完文章的你能不能顺利做出来呢？做题讨论没去处？文章内容看不懂？个别句子不会翻？没关系，来沪江论坛四六级版块吧！我们将每天把阅读文章提供至沪江论坛四六级版块，大家可以在这里交流讨论，回复做题！

为了帮助大家在最后一个月的复习时间里适应外刊行文思路，有效锻炼阅读速度，沪江英语特推出“四六级备考月之四六级阅读大闯关活动”，从现在起的两周内，每天一篇阅读练习，做阅读，回答问题，讨论交流，相信6月份的考试，阅读将不再是你冲击高分的绊脚石！

活动时间：5月9日——5月23日

活动地点：沪江论坛四六级版块

活动方式：①沪江论坛将从四六级每日阅读推荐系列中每日选取一篇外刊阅读材料，配以单词和短语解释，同时在文末设置相关问题，请参与童鞋跟帖回答问题；

②为确保活动公平，同时避免前面同学的回答影响后面回复同学的答题思路，请大家在回帖时设置仅楼主可见（直接勾上帖子回复框右下角的“回复仅楼主可见”即可）

③每期活动认真回复的沪友均可获得100沪元奖励。

注意事项：①四六级阅读大闯关活动旨在督促大家进行阅读练习，所以活动时间定为两周，活动结束后，每日的阅读推荐仍会继续在沪江英语网站推出，大家也可以在网站文章下方进行答题讨论，只是没有沪元奖励。（相信大家在闯关活动结束后也会继续阅读练习的吧，毕竟，沪元只是鼓励方式，学习知识才是王道 ^^）

②为保证后期参加活动同学也能拿到沪元奖励，整个阅读大闯关活动奖励将于两周活动结束后统一发放。

③任何阅读相关的翻译、单词、理解等问题也欢迎大家抛出来，在帖子下方回复，大家一起讨论，一起进步。

做阅读，拿沪元，还等什么，赶紧戳这里参与吧>>

更多四六级备考精彩活动敬请关注2012年6月四六级备考月专题>>

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四级六级阅读练习（21）：美国学校将网络安全与礼仪列入课程

tutu — 2012-05-08 17:00

【今日阅读推荐】本篇阅读材料“美国学校将网络安全与礼仪列入课程”选自《今日美国》（原文标题：Schools add Internet etiquette, safety to coursework 2011.11.30）。如果大家觉得比较简单，就当作泛读材料了解了解，认识几个新单词或新表达方式也不错。如果大家觉得这些材料理解上有难度，不妨当做挑战自己的拔高训练，希望大家都有进步^^

As more students spend large chunks of study and leisure time online, schools across the USA are adding coursework focused on privacy, cyberbullying and electronic plagiarism.

Many schools not only are incorporating Internet safety into lesson plans but also shifting their focus from the pervasive "stranger danger" message typically given to young computer users.

The idea, says Principal Chris Lehmann of Philadelphia's Science Leadership Academy, is teaching students to be better "digital citizens." Freshmen at his public high school are required to take a course in how to watch their digital footprint — in other words, to be careful what they say on the Internet.

"All of the drama, all of the growing up, all of the growing pains, all of the things we know happen in high school now also happen digitally," Lehmann says. "Think of every mistake you made as a teenager. Now imagine making that mistake in a permanent public forum."

Many schools around the country have adopted similar coursework. For instance, at Schwenksville Elementary School near Philadelphia, librarian Joan Curtis teaches fifth-graders how to recognize bogus websites using a fake but realistic "Librarian of the Year" site she created.

At Gresham-Barlow Web Academy, a charter middle- and high school near Portland, Ore., all middle-schoolers are required to take an online safety course that covers topics including cyberbullying, plagiarism and online "ethical behavior," Principal Michael Harris says.

The digital training comes as research shows that Web usage is virtually ubiquitous among kids. Though most students say they generally access the Internet from home, 75% of teens say they go online at school, too.

New findings show that even young children spend time online. A national survey released in October by the non-profit Common Sense Media found that 41% of children 8 and younger have access to a smartphone and 13% have spent time on social networking sites and virtual worlds.

Schools teach students to be wary of whom they meet online. Harris says educators are concerned about older students as well as younger ones. "Even though they're 15, 16 years old they're still pretty vulnerable," he says.

be wary of 提防；担心

be concerned about 担心；挂念

vulnerable adj. 易受攻击的；易受伤害的

Statistics show that online predation is rare — a Harvard study sponsored by attorneys general in all 50 states found that being online "increases the availability of harmful, problematic and illegal content but does not always increase minors' exposure." It said kids most at risk are those who "often engage in risky behaviors" and have difficulties in other parts of their lives.

sponsor v. 赞助；发起 n. 赞助者；主办者；保证人

attorney n. 律师；代理人

"The whole 'stranger danger' thing was very much driven by parental alarm," says Barbara-Jane Paris, principal of Canyon Vista Middle School in Austin, who testified before Congress in 2010 on cyberbullying.

The challenge, she and others say, is teaching kids that what they say and do online can have immediate, profound consequences — and that an offhand cruelty or indiscretion can last forever.

profound adj. 深厚的；意义深远的

offhand adj. 随便的；即时的

indiscretion n. 轻率；行为失检

"You can't indefinitely call somebody a (slur for gays) and then just say, when called to the table, 'I was only kidding,' " Paris says.

Question time:

1. How to be better "digital citizens" according to Principal Chris Lehmann of Philadelphia's Science Leadership Academy?

2. How many teenagers go onlie at school?

【参考答案反白可见（按ctrl+A即可）】

1. To be careful what we say on the Internet.

2. 75%.

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2012年6月四六级备考之阅读【沪江网校公开课】

tutu — 2012-05-08 12:00

进入5月份，四六级备考更迫在眉睫了，继5月2日【CET备考】2012年6月四六级考试之听力指南语音公开课后，沪江网校小兜老师再次为大家讲解四六级阅读备考技巧。如果你做四六级阅读很头疼，如果你每次阅读时间都不够，如果你读完文章也不会做题，那么，这次公开课绝对不容错过！5月8日，小兜老师将携手在阅读方面颇有研究的Julie老师，帮大家进一步解决阅读难题！

【CET备考】2012年6月四六级考试之阅读指南

活动时间：5月8日(星期二) 19:30 - 20:30

活动地点：CCTalk英语大厅 （下载CCTalk）

主讲老师：小兜老师，Julie老师

本次语音活动主要内容：

1. 阅读常见问题

2. 四级阅读注意点（快速阅读，选词填空-小兜）

3. 六级阅读注意点（快速阅读，深度阅读-Julie）

更多CET备考指导敬请期待：

【CET备考】2012年6月四六级考试之写作指南

【CET备考】2012年6月四六级考试之最后冲刺

想要了解更多最新公开课信息 >>请往这边走<<

更多2012年6月四六级备考内容请戳四六级备考月专题>>

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四级六级阅读练习（20）：研究显示快乐的人比一般人长寿35%

tutu — 2012-05-07 18:15

【今日阅读推荐】本篇阅读材料“研究显示快乐的人比一般人长寿35%”选自《今日美国》（原文标题：Happy? You may live 35% longer, tracking study suggests 2011.10.31）。如果大家觉得比较简单，就当作泛读材料了解了解，认识几个新单词或新表达方式也不错。如果大家觉得这些材料理解上有难度，不妨当做挑战自己的拔高训练，希望大家都有进步^^

Be happy. Live longer.

No, it's not that simple, but new research says happy lives are longer — by 35%.

The study, published today in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that those who reported feeling happiest had a 35% reduced risk of dying compared with those who reported feeling least happy.

Rather than rely on recollections about their feelings of happiness as in earlier studies, this British study of 3,853 participants ages 52-79 rated their feelings at different times on one particular day. Five years later, researchers recorded the number who died and controlled for a variety of factors, including age, gender, health, wealth, education and marital status.

rely on 依靠；依赖

This approach "gets closer to measuring how people actually feel" rather than relying on recollections or general questions about well-being, says epidemiologist Andrew Steptoe, a psychology professor at University College in London, who co-authored the study.

epidemiologist n. 流行病学家

How happy a person is at any point in time, he says, is a product of "some background disposition; some people tend to be happier than others," but also "what they are doing, who they are with, and other features of that point in time. Both are important."

"It's perfectly true that someone's happiness over a single day will be affected by what happens to them over that period," Steptoe says. "However, survey experts and psychologists have come to the view that in many ways, this is a better approach to understanding how people actually feel than asking them general questions about how happy they are. Responses to general questions are influenced strongly by personality, by what people think they 'ought' to say and by recollections that might not be quite accurate," Steptoe says.

What's not clear, he says, is whether happy feelings are the key to longevity or if it's something else that causes extended life. "We can't draw the kind of final conclusion that the happiness is leading directly to better survival," he says.

longevity n. 长寿；寿命

draw a conclusion 下结论

Others who have done research in this area but haven't read the study say this link between a one-day measure and mortality is important.

"The fact that positive emotions in one day predicted survival is pretty amazing," says Sonja Lyubomirsky, a psychology professor at the University of California, Riverside.

"We do know that happiness is associated with an extended life span," she says. If we can get people to be happier, would that extend the lifespan? We don't know that yet. Future research can definitely try to show that."

Arthur Stone, a professor of psychiatry and psychology at Stony Brook University in New York, who has used measurements over the course of a day in his research, says the fact that the researchers "got a relationship with mortality means that the relationship must be fairly robust because they only had 3,800 people and they were only measuring the one day."

psychiatry n. 精神病学

robust adj. 强健的；健康的

And what if some who were measured on that one day were just having a bad day?

"A 'bad day' should weaken the relationship," Stone says. "What it's saying is there are enough people here that people having odd days didn't really matter very much. Some people had bad days and some had good days. If they had been able to measure several days with these techniques, one would guess that the relationship would be even stronger."

Laura Kubzansky, an associate professor in the Department of Society, Human Development and Health, at Harvard's School of Public Health in Boston, says there's a "burgeoning body of work that suggests positive psychological functioning benefits health," and this study is significant because it "adds to the arsenal."

"It could say to people, you should take your mood seriously," Kubzansky says. "I think people sort of undervalue emotional life anyway. This highlights the idea that if you are going through a period where you're consistently distressed, it's probably worth paying attention to how you feel — it matters for both psychological and physical health."

sort of 有点儿；稍稍

highlight v. 突出；强调；使显著

distressed adj. 痛苦的；忧虑的

This study asked participants to rate how happy, excited and content they felt at four points during a single day — 7 a.m., 7 p.m. and a half-hour after each. They used a rating scale from 1 ("not at all") to 4 ("extremely").
"Generally, they were less happy when they woke up and most happy at 7 p.m.," Steptoe says.

Question time:

1. What matters to how happy a person is?

2. When do people feel happiest during a single day?

【参考答案反白可见（按ctrl+A即可）】

1. Some background disposition; some people tend to be happier than others, And what they are doing, who they are with, and other features of that point in time.

2. 7 p.m.

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四级六级阅读练习（19）：灰尘背后的那些事儿

tutu — 2012-05-06 17:15

小编寄语：熟悉四六级阅读理解题型的同学应该都了解，英语四六级考试阅读理解材料大多选自《时代》《卫报》《科学美国人》等外刊。要想阅读理解这部分拿到高分，必须在平常多阅读，掌握新词汇，锻炼阅读速度。但对于很多同学来说，如何每日在浩瀚的互联网世界寻找合适的阅读材料进行分析解读是一项很耗时间的事情。为此，沪江英语每日精选《卫报》《时代》等外刊上的文章供大家进行阅读练习。

【今日阅读推荐】本篇阅读材料“灰尘背后的那些事儿”选自《时代》（原文标题：What's in Household Dust? Don't Ask 2010.2 23）。如果大家觉得比较简单，就当作泛读材料了解了解，认识几个新单词或新表达方式也不错。如果大家觉得这些材料理解上有难度，不妨当做挑战自己的拔高训练，希望大家都有进步^^

It's hard to get too worked up about dust. Yes, it's a nuisance, but it's hardly one that causes us much anxiety — and our language itself suggests as much. We call those clumps of the stuff under the bed dust bunnies after all, not, say, dust vermin.

to get worked up 为某件事生气；不开心

clumps of 一团一团的

dust bunny 积尘；灰兔子（关于灰尘的比较萌的说法）

But there's a higher ick factor to dust than you might think. And there's a science to how it gets around — a science that David Layton and Paloma Beamer, professors of environmental policy at the University of Arizona, are exploring.

get around 传播；散播

Layton and Beamer, whose latest study has been accepted for fall publication in the journal Environmental Science & Technology, knew a lot about their subject even before they set to work. Historically, everyone from chemists to homemakers has tried to figure out just what dust is made of, and the Arizona researchers drew their preliminary data mostly from two studies of household dust conducted in the Netherlands and the U.S. The American survey in particular was a big one, covering six Midwestern states. Layton and Beamer also included a localized study in Sacramento, Calif., that focused particularly on lead contamination. What all those surveys showed was decidedly unappetizing.

figure out 理解；解决；计算

The specific dust mix in any household differs according to climate, age of the house and the number of people who live in it — not to mention the occupants' cooking, cleaning and smoking habits. But nearly everywhere, dust consists of some combination of shed bits of human skin, animal fur, decomposing insects, food debris, lint and organic fibers from clothes, bedding and other fabrics, tracked-in soil, soot, particulate matter from smoking and cooking, and, disturbingly, lead, arsenic and even DDT.

"There are more [components]," Beamer says. "Dust is a hodgepodge of all sorts of things. It would probably be impossible to make a list of all the possible items."

But dust's ingredient label is not the whole story, since all of those flecks and bits behave differently and present different levels of health risk. To investigate those factors more closely, Layton and Beamer developed a computer algorithm that looked at the size, source and toxicity of dust particles as well as how easily they enter the house, if they ever exit and, if so, by what route. That information, by extension, can provide at least a rough sense of the dust load in your own home.

As a general rule, the majority of household dust — about 60% — comes from outside, through windows, doors, vents and, significantly, on the soles of your shoes. Smaller dust particles — from 28 to 49 microns, or thousandths of a millimeter — tend to stay on your shoes. The rest is shaken off inside. A higher share of the dust that floats in the air gets deposited, but again, there's a lot that determines how much any one home will get.

"Here in Arizona," says Beamer, "where we leave our windows open most of the year and have an arid climate, we would probably have a higher ratio." Industrial centers or sooty cities have plenty of dust too, though for different reasons.

arid adj. 干旱的；不毛的

ratio n. 比例

There's not much to fret about in simple particles of dirt or organic materials such as pollen (though they can trigger allergies), but lead, arsenic and DDT can be a more serious matter. About one-third of the arsenic in the atmosphere comes from natural sources — volcanoes principally. The rest comes from mining, smelting, burning fossil fuels and other industrial processes. Even in relatively low concentrations, arsenic is not without risk, especially to small children who play on the floor and routinely transfer things from their hands to their mouths. The same is true for lead, which comes less from wall paint — the source most people would expect — than from auto exhaust, smelting and soil deposits. "Lead loading on floors is a key determinant of blood-lead levels in children," Layton and Beamer wrote in their paper.

fret about 因……焦急；为……烦恼

particle n. 颗粒；微粒

pollen n. 花粉

low concentration 低浓度

determinant adj. 决定性的 n. 决定因素

The fact that DDT is still in house dust is a surprise to most people, since the pesticide was banned in the U.S. in 1972. But a house is a little like a living organism: once it absorbs a contaminant, it may never purge it completely. "Dust in our homes," says Beamer, "especially deep dust in our carpets and furniture, is a conglomerate of substances over the life of the home and can provide a historical record of chemicals that have entered it."

contaminant n. 污染物；致污物

purge v. 净化；清除

The mess that originates within the home is a lot easier to measure and control. The more people who live there, the more skin that's going to be shed, the more pets, the more animal fur. And, as Mom always warned, the more you walk around the house while eating, the more food debris you'll drop on the floor — which also attracts more insects that will die, decompose and add their own special zest to your dust. Cooking smoke and tobacco smoke, which are the most obvious contributors when they're being produced, actually make only a small contribution to what winds up on floors and surfaces. The tiny size of the particles makes them likelier to rise and adhere to other surfaces or simply remain in the air than to settle.

shed v. 散发；流出

wind up 卷起；扬起

It goes without saying that your home will never be dust-free, but there are ways to reduce your own dust loading — and it's important that you try. Dust mites, which feed on shed skin, produce allergens that are known triggers for people suffering from asthma. Same goes for cockroach dust, especially in cities. No one needs much convincing about the wisdom of getting rid of arsenic, and the good news is that about 80% of it can be removed simply by cleaning floor dust regularly.

it goes without saying 不言而喻；不消说

allergen 过敏原；反应原

None of this means that dust poses a clear and present danger or that you need to take any extraordinary measures. Just clean regularly, don't smoke, eat at the table — and try not to freak out. Dust bunnies are still only bunnies; you may just want fewer of them.

freak out 吓坏了；崩溃

Question time:

1. How does dust come into our houses?

2. What's the key factor of blood-lead levels in children according to Layton and Beamer' papaer?

3. How to get rid of the dust in house?

【参考答案反白可见（按ctrl+A即可）】

1. Generally, the majority of household dust — about 60% — comes from outside, through windows, doors, vents and on the soles ofour shoes.

2. Lead loading on floors.

3. It's important that you try, just clean regularly, don't smoke, eat at the table — and try not to freak out.

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四级六级阅读练习（18）：美国孩子担心未来工资

tutu — 2012-05-05 18:15

【今日阅读推荐】本篇阅读材料“美国孩子担心未来工资”选自《时代》（原文标题：What teens worry about: drugs, sex and future salaries? 2012.4.13）。如果大家觉得比较简单，就当作泛读材料了解了解，认识几个新单词或新表达方式也不错。如果大家觉得这些材料理解上有难度，不妨当做挑战自己的拔高训练，希望大家都有进步^^

You might think teens have it easy. But they worry about a lot: bullying, getting into college, fitting in, finding a date. Now add earning enough money to the list.

have it easy 过得舒服；处境很好；放松

fit in 融入；适应

Just 56% of teens aged 14-18 believe they will be as well off financially as their parents, according to a Junior Achievement and Allstate Foundation survey. So much for the optimism of youth. That’s down from 89% in the same survey one year earlier. In another major shift, the survey found that teens are pushing back the age at which they expect to be financially independent; more now say they will be at least 25 years old before they are on their own, compared to 20 in the earlier sample.

well off 手头宽裕；富裕的；处境好的

push back 把……向后推；推迟

What gives? According to USA Today, there is a cumulative effect after so many years of recession and slow growth. Teens have seen family and friends lose jobs and homes; they can’t help but feel vulnerable. The paper reports:

“Many kids were shielded by parents during the downturn, says Rob Callender, director of insights at youth research firm TRU. Moms and dads would do without to avoid taking things away from the kids. As finances dwindled, though, those parents have been forced to level with the kids about their economic reality.”

what gives? 怎么回事？

cumulative effect 累积效应

vulnerable adj. 易受伤害的；脆弱的

shield v. 保护；庇护

downturn 经济衰退；低迷时期

level with 对……说实话

Teens have also had trouble finding summer jobs, though prospects are better this year. And teens report getting fewer money lessons in school. According to the JA poll, just 24% say teachers instruct them about how to manage money, down from 58% a year earlier. This jibes with a report from the Council for Economic Education, which found that fewer states are requiring schools to test in the area of economics and to offer a personal finance course.

jibe with 与……一致

Teens may also be suffering from what many adults acknowledge: parents are horrible role models when it comes to things like saving and budgets. Only half of parents regularly set aside money to save; only 43% set financial goals; and only 24% take specific steps to diversify their investments, according to a T. Rowe Price Parents, Kids and Money survey.

suffer from 忍受，遭受；受……之苦

set aside 留出；把……置于一边

In the JA survey, teens reported a significant drop in parents saving as a result of the recession—21% this year vs. 59% last year. As you might expect, teens are modeling that behavior. Just 56% plan to save some of their income, down from 89% a year ago, according to JA. It’s not just a plan; it’s happening, according to the Pew Research Center, which found that young adults are getting a slower start saving for retirement.

It should come as no surprise then that fewer teens are practicing sound money management skills. JA found a three-fold increase in teens that report not budgeting. This largely confirms a separate survey by Schwab, which found a sharp fall off in teen money management ability. According to that survey, just a quarter of 18-year-olds know how to manage a credit card—down from two-thirds. Less than half know how to check the accuracy of a bank statement—down from 60%.

This all represents a huge setback in the push for a more financially literate population, which many see as our best hope for staving off another financial crisis. In this environment, debilitating teen money myths are sure to persist.

setback n. 挫折；退步

stave off 避开；延缓

Question time:

1. Why do more teens worry about future salaries?

2. What's the author's attitude to teens' money management skills?

A. relieved B. anxious C. angry D. indifferent

【参考答案反白可见（按ctrl+A即可）】

1. Because there is a cumulative effect after so many years of recession and slow growth. Teens have seen family and friends lose jobs and homes; they can’t help but feel vulnerable.

2. B. anxious （从最后一段第一句可以看出，作者说因为青少年的理财能力差，我们在推迟下次金融危机退后了一大步。）

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四级六级阅读练习（17）：保持大脑年轻化的七种方法

tutu — 2012-05-04 17:30

【今日阅读推荐】本篇阅读材料“保持大脑年轻化的七种方法”选自《读者文摘》（原文标题：7 Anti-Aging Tips to Keep Your Brain Young）。如果大家觉得比较简单，就当作泛读材料了解了解，认识几个新单词或新表达方式也不错。如果大家觉得这些材料理解上有难度，不妨当做挑战自己的拔高训练，希望大家都有进步^^

1. Move It
Quick — what’s the No. 1 thing you can do for your brain’s health? Differential calculus, you say? Chess? Chaos theory? Nope, the best brain sharpener may be … sneakers? Yup. Once they’re on your feet, you can pump up your heart rate. “The best advice I can give to keep your brain healthy and young is aerobic exercise,” says Donald Stuss, PhD, a neuropsychologist and director of the Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care in Toronto.

differential calculus [数]微积分；微分学

chaos theory 混沌理论

pump up 给……打气；加速

aerobic exercise 有氧运动

Mark McDaniel, PhD, professor of psychology at Washington University in St. Louis, agrees, but adds, “I would suggest a combined program of aerobics and weight training. Studies show the best outcomes for those engaged in both types of exercise.”

As we age, our brain cells, called neurons, lose the tree-branch-like connections between them. These connections, or synapses, are essential to thought. Quite literally, over time, our brains lose their heft. Perhaps the most striking brain research today is the strong evidence we now have that “exercise may forestall some kinds of mental decline,” notes McDaniel. It may even restore memory. Myriad animal studies have shown that, among other brain benefits, aerobic exercise increases capillary development in the brain, meaning more blood supply, more nutrients and — a big requirement for brain health — more oxygen.

forestall v. 垄断；预先阻止

mental decline 智力下降

The preeminent exercise and brain-health researcher in humans is Arthur Kramer at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. In a dozen studies over the past few years, with titles such as “Aerobic Fitness Reduces Brain Tissue Loss in Aging Humans,” Kramer and his colleagues have proved two critical findings: Fit people have sharper brains, and people who are out of shape, but then get into shape, sharpen up their brains. This second finding is vital. There’s no question that working out makes you smarter, and it does so, Kramer notes, at all stages of life. Just as important, exercise staves off heart disease, obesity, diabetes and other maladies that increase the risk of brain problems as we age.

preeminent adj. 卓越的

a dozen 一打；十二个

out of shape （身体）走形；变样

sharpen up 使……更敏锐；认真思考

stave off 避开；延缓

2. Feed It
Another path to a better brain is through your stomach. We’ve all heard about antioxidants as cancer fighters. Eating foods that contain these molecules, which neutralize harmful free radicals, may be especially good for your brain too. Free radicals have nothing to do with Berkeley politics and everything to do with breaking down the neurons in our brains. Many colorful fruits and vegetables are packed with antioxidants, as are some beans, whole grains, nuts and spices.

neutralize v. 抵消；中和；使……中立

have nothing to do with 与……无关

be packed with 挤满；塞满；充满

More important, though, is overall nutrition. In concert with a good workout routine, you should eat right to avoid the diseases that modern flesh is heir to. High blood pressure, diabetes, obesity and high cholesterol all make life tough on your brain, says Carol Greenwood, PhD, a geriatric research scientist at the University of Toronto.

in concert with 和…相呼应；与…合作；和…一致

flesh is heir to 人所难免[共有]的

If your diet is heavy, then you’re probably also heavy. The same weight that burdens your legs on the stairs also burdens your brain for the witty reply or quick problem solving. The best things you can eat for your body, Greenwood notes, are also the best things you can eat for your brain. Your brain is in your body, after all. Greenwood’s recommendation is to follow the dietary guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (available at diabetes.org).

3. Speed It Up
Sorry to say, our brains naturally start slowing down at the cruelly young age of 30 (yes, 30). It used to be thought that this couldn’t be helped, but a barrage of new studies show that people of any age can train their brains to be faster and, in effect, younger. “Your brain is a learning machine,” says Michael Merzenich, PhD, a neuroscientist at the University of California, San Francisco. Given the right tools, we can train our brains to act like they did when we were younger. All that’s required is dedicated practice: exercises for the mind.

a barrage of 大量的

in effect 实际上

Merzenich has developed a computer-based training regimen to speed up how the brain processes information (positscience.com). Since much of the data we receive comes through speech, the Brain Fitness Program works with language and hearing to improve both speed and accuracy. Over the course of your training, the program starts asking you to distinguish sounds (between “dog” and “bog,” for instance) at an increasingly faster rate. It’s a bit like a tennis instructor, says Merzenich, shooting balls at you faster and faster over the course of the summer to keep you challenged. Though you may have started out slow, by Labor Day you’re pretty nimble.

nimble adj. 敏捷的；聪明的

Similarly, Nintendo was inspired by the research of a Japanese doctor to develop a handheld game called Brain Age: Train Your Brain in Minutes a Day, which has sold more than two million copies in Japan. No software out there has yet been approved by the FDA as a treatment for cognitive impairment, but an increasing number of reputable scientific studies suggest that programs like Merzenich’s could help slow down typical brain aging, or even treat dementia. The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly adaptable, or “plastic,” as neurologists put it. If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn. And it may speed up in the process.

Nintendo 任天堂（日本电子游戏公司及其开发的电脑游戏名称）

FDA （美）食品及药物管理局（Food and Drug Administration）

cognitive impairment 认知障碍；认知损害

brain aging 脑老化

To keep your brain young and supple, you can purchase software like Merzenich’s, or you can do one of a million new activities that challenge and excite you: playing Ping-Pong or contract bridge, doing jigsaw puzzles, learning a new language or the tango, taking accordion lessons, building a kit airplane, mastering bonsai technique, discovering the subtleties of beer-brewing and, sure, relearning differential calculus.

supple adj. 灵活的；柔软的

jigsaw puzzles 拼图游戏；拼图玩具

“Anything that closely engages your focus and is strongly rewarding,” says Merzenich, will kick your brain into learning mode and necessarily notch it up. For his part, Merzenich, 64, has “4,000 hobbies,” including a wood shop and a vineyard.

notch up 完成

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沪江英语四六级

2012年6月英语四级六级作文预测：大学生要独自生活吗？

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四级六级阅读练习（29）：学习语言让大脑更灵活

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英语四级阅读短期备考攻略之快速阅读

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2012年6月四六级备考之阅读回顾【沪江网校公开课】

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哪里不会补哪里：大学英语四六级专项强攻就看你啦！

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高效备考：英语四级六级考前一个月冲刺

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四六级备考月系列活动之开心词场四六级救命500词

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四级六级阅读练习（28）：为什么爆料网站离不开专业媒体？

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2012年6月四六级备考之听力回顾【沪江网校公开课】

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四六级考前30天备考易见问题及对策汇总（二）

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四六级备考月系列活动之考前30天答疑碎访谈

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四级六级阅读练习（27）：研究表明每天两瓶含糖饮料或使味蕾变迟钝

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四六级考前一个月备考易见问题及对策汇总（一）

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四级六级阅读练习（26）：当代小说：都市女性文学之死？

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四级六级阅读练习（25）：年龄与智慧：姜真的是老的辣吗？

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四级六级阅读练习（24）：日本开发地热能 温泉浴风波再起

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2012年6月四六级备考之写作指南【沪江网校公开课】

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四级六级阅读练习（23）：数字化资产——不死的数据

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如何应对四六级写作“变脸” ？

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沪江网校3周年庆之名师语音公开课！

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四级六级阅读练习（22）：中国人，读什么？

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CET冲刺必备书籍：拒绝裸考，30天考前强化！

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四六级备考月系列活动之四六级阅读大闯关开始！

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四级六级阅读练习（21）：美国学校将网络安全与礼仪列入课程

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2012年6月四六级备考之阅读【沪江网校公开课】

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四级六级阅读练习（20）：研究显示快乐的人比一般人长寿35%

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四级六级阅读练习（19）：灰尘背后的那些事儿

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四级六级阅读练习（18）：美国孩子担心未来工资

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四级六级阅读练习（17）：保持大脑年轻化的七种方法

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四级六级阅读练习（24）：日本开发地热能温泉浴风波再起